 |
|
|
 |
|
home > resources > publications > wto analytical index > page e |
|
SUBJECT INDEX E |
|
The texts reproduced here do not have the legal standing of the original documents which are entrusted and kept at the WTO Secretariat in Geneva. |
East African Community (EAC) Treaty, Enabling Clause and GATT 33 EC — Asbestos (AB), WT/DS135/AB/R, DSR 2001:VII and DSR 2001:VIII amicus curiae briefs additional procedures DSU 979, 1048, 1050 preliminary ruling on DSU 1050 Appellate Body (AB) (DSU 17) reports anonymity (DSU 17.11), concurring opinions (ABWP 3.2) DSU 477 extension of deadline for circulation (DSU 17.5) DSU 444 burden of proof national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4) GATT 201 onus probandi actori incumbit GATT 653–4 confidentiality of proceedings (DSU 14/DSU 17.10/DSU 18.2/WP 3), anonymity of individual AB members DSU 477 directly competitive or substitutable products (GATT III:2), as dynamic relationship (including possibility of latent demand) GATT 117, 246 evidence (GATT XX: justification) scientific evidence, evaluation GATT 609–12 scientific sources representing divergent opinion GATT 610 General Exceptions (GATT XX), alternative WTO-consistent measure, availability GATT 613–15, 624 General Exceptions (GATT XX), measures necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health (GATT XX(b)) GATT III:4 (national treatment, regulatory discrimination) and GATT 278 justification evidence of health risks, relevance GATT 278 good faith reliance on GATT 610 “preponderant” evidence GATT 610 good faith (including pacta sunt servanda principle (VCLT 26)), scientific evidence, reliance on GATT 610 “like product” (GATT III:2 and III:4) competitive relationship, need for GATT 237, 239, 243–5 evidence of health risks, relevance GATT 245 determination of “likeness” in case of conflicting evidence GATT 247 need to take account of all the evidence GATT 242 GATT III:1 compared GATT 142, 160, 234–9 relevant factors Border Tax Adjustment, Working Party on GATT 239 consumer preferences GATT 239, 242, 244–6 fluidity GATT 239 health risks GATT 245 physical properties GATT 243 tariff classifications GATT 239 national treatment, general principle (GATT III:1), as context for interpretation of GATT III:2–5 GATT 234 national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4) burden of proof GATT 201 GATT XX and GATT 278 “less favourable treatment” grouping approach GATT 268 as requirement for violation finding GATT 238 national treatment, tax discrimination (GATT III:2), first and second sentences distinguished GATT 235–6 non-violation claims (GATT XXIII:1(b)) “any measure GATT 644 non-commercial measure GATT 649 as exceptional remedy GATT 644, 645 GATT XXIII:1(a) distinguished GATT 644 GATT XXIII:1(b) distinguished GATT 644 measure in “conflict” with GATT provisions, applicability to GATT 644 concurrent application to measures falling under other provisions of GATT GATT 648 risk assessment, need for (SPS 5.1–5.3 and Annex A, para. 4), ascertainable/theoretical risk distinguished (SPS 5.1), quantitative threshold, relevance GATT 611 standard/powers of review (AB) (issues of law and legal interpretations) (DSU 17.6) completion of the legal analysis in case of contentiousness/omission/insufficiency of facts DSU 470 disagreement with the panel DSU 470 insufficient argument of novel issue DSU 470 standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11), “objective assessment of the facts”, evidence, alleged disregard or distortion by panel, discretion in assessment of evidence GATT 609 “technical regulation” (TBT, Annex 1.1) TBT 2, 58–9 identifiability requirement TBT 59 Working Procedures (appellate review (DSU 17.9 and ABWP)), “appropriate procedure for the purpose of that appeal only” (ABWP 16(1)) DSU 848 EC — Asbestos (Panel), WT/DS135/R and Add.1, DSR 2001:VII and DSR 2001:VIII amicus curiae briefs, preliminary ruling DSU 979, 1050 burden of proof delay in submitting claim and GATT 655 non-violation claims (GATT XXIII:1(b)) DSU 808 onus probandi actori incumbit GATT 581 prima facie case, need for GATT 581 decisions, procedures and customary practices under GATT 1947 (WTO XVI:1) GATT 402 General Exceptions (GATT XX), burden of proof, chapeau and paras. a-j distinguished GATT 581 General Exceptions (GATT XX), measures necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health (GATT XX(b)), justification, three-tier test GATT 602 information or technical advice, panel’s right to seek (TBT 14) individual advice, right to seek TBT 54 technical expert group, panel’s right to establish (TBT 14.2), individual advice, right to seek TBT 54 interpretation of covered agreements guidelines, multiple authentic languages (VCLT 33), “and”/”comme” GATT 401 402 DSU 60 means, diVerent language in same agreement GATT 403 n. 608 national treatment, general principle (GATT III:1) applicability measures imposed at the time or point of importation (“internal measures”) (GATT Ad Art. III) imposition on like domestic product requirement GATT 401 quantitative restrictions (GATT XI) distinguished GATT 294, 401–3 national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4) “laws, regulations or requirements”, identity of measure, relevance GATT 402 “restrictions made effective through state-trading organizations” (Ad Articles XI, XI, XIII, XIV and XVIII) GATT 403 non-violation claims (GATT XXIII:1(b)) “benefit”/legitimate expectation of improved market access as as norm GATT 662 reasonable anticipation and GATT 666–8 burden of proof DSU 808 as exceptional remedy DSU 808 GATT XXIII:1(a) distinguished GATT 644 nullification or impairment, need for GATT 673 preliminary rulings on, amicus curiae briefs DSU 979 quantitative restrictions, elimination (GATT XI) GATT III, and GATT 294 national treatment (GATT III) and GATT 401–3, 418 “prohibition or restriction” (GATT XI:1), “restrictions made effective through state-trading organizations” (Ad Articles XI, XI, XIII, XIV and XVIII) GATT 409 relationships within and between agreements GATT III:4/GATT XI GATT 418 GATT/TBT DSU 906 SPS Agreement, burden of proof, scientific evidence, sufficiency (SPS 2.2) GATT 582 State trading enterprises (GATT XVII), national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4) and GATT 403 EC — Bananas III (AB), WT/DS27/AB/R, DSR 1997:II Agriculture Agreement (AG) GATT 1994 and (AG 21.1), market access concessions and commitments (AG 4.1) and GATT 110–11, AG 18, 126 Modalities Paper and, non-discrimination (GATT XIII) and GATT 450, AG 126 object and purpose (Preamble), on-going reform AG 126 composition of delegation (appellate review) legal representation/private counsel DSU 1022–3 Member’s right to determine DSU 845, 971, 1022–3 composition of delegation (panel), legal representation/private counsel DSU 971 consultations (DSU 4), joinder of third parties having “substantial trade interest” (DSU 4.11) DSU 158, 319 directly competitive or substitutable products (GATT III:2), nullification or impairment, evidence of DSU 95 dispute settlement and enforcement (GATS XXIII), nullification and impairment (DSU 3.8) distinguished DSU 102 due process (dispute settlement proceedings), panel working procedures, need for DSU 919, 931 GATS Agreement, GATT 1994, overlap GATT 312, TRIMs 39 n. 57 GATT 1994, object and purpose (GATT I:1), nondiscrimination GATT 9 Import Licensing Procedures Agreement (LIC) neutrality in application and administration in a fair and equitable manner, need for (LA 1.3), administration in a uniform, impartial and reasonable manner (GATT X:3(a)), equivalence GATT 392 rules and procedures distinguished LIC 4 tariff quotas, applicability to LIC 2, 13 use of “restriction” in LIC 3.2 and 3.3, relevance LIC 2 interpretation of covered agreements means same or closely related phrases in different agreements, GATT X:3(a)/LIC 1.3 GATT 392 licensing procedures, national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4) and GATT 259 “like product” (GATT I), “any product originating in or destined for another country”, administrative distinctions, relevance GATT 17 Lomé waiver WTO 164, GATT 65, 444, DSU 399 market access (AG 4) concessions and commitments (AG 4.1) consistency with GATT XIII GATT 450, DSU 908 reform process, as essential part of AG 126 MFN treatment (GATS II) determination of violation, requirements, aims and effects test GATT 132, GATS 28 national treatment (GATS XVII) distinguished GATS 24 “treatment no less favourable” (GATS II:1), de facto discrimination GATS 24 MFN treatment (GATT I:1) “advantage”, allocation of tariff quotas GATT 13 de facto discrimination GATT 9 modification of schedules (GATT XXVIII), applicability of GATT I and XIII GATT 67, 85 national treatment, general principle (GATT III:1), “so as afford protection”, GATS II and XVII distinguished GATS 24 national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4) “affecting” hurricane licences GATT 272 purpose of measure, relevance GATT 259 general principle (GATT III:1) and GATT 230 “less favourable treatment” discriminatory system for allocation of import licences GATT 107, 125, 285 formal differentiation in treatment, relevance GATT 272 “so as to afford protection” GATT 230 national treatment, services and service suppliers (GATS XVII), determination of violation, requirements, aims and effects test GATT 132, GATS 76 non-discriminatory administration of quantitative restrictions (GATT XIII) administrative distinctions, relevance GATT 431 AG 4.1 (market access) and GATT 450 allocation to Members not having a substantial interest (GATT XIII:1) GATT 433 distribution of trade as close as possible to expected shares in absence of restrictions as aim (GATT XIII:2, chapeau) GATT 436 finding as factual matter DSU 447 notice of appeal, requirements (ABWP 20(2)), statement allegation of error on issues of law/legal interpretations (ABWP 20(2)(d)), omission, effect DSU 861 nullification or impairment (DSU 3.8) adverse impact/prejudice, relevance DSU 95 GATS XXIII, (dispute settlement and enforcement), distinguished GATS 127, DSU 102 presumption in case of inconsistency with covered agreement DSU 95 order of analysis, specific/general provision AD 343 n. 445 precedent, decisions, procedures and customary practices under GATT 1947 (WTO XVI:1), panel reports preceding relevant AB decisions GATT 154 preliminary rulings on, specificity of request for panel (DSU 6.2) DSU 941 preliminary rulings (procedural aspects) timing DSU 919 working procedures, need for DSU 237, 919, 931 publication and administration of trade regulations (GATT X) national treatment (GATT X:1) and GATT 372 relationship with other GATT provisions GATT 373, 387 uniform, impartial and reasonable administration (GATT X:3(a)) GATT 373 relationships within and between agreements AG 4 1 and 21 1/GATT XIII GATT 450 DSU 908 DSU 3.8/GATS XXIII:1 GATS 127, DSU 102 GATT I/GATT XIII GATT 65, 84, 106, 444 GATT II:7/GATT XIII GATT 106, 110 GATT III:1/GATT III:4 GATT 233 GATT III:4 and XVII/GATT II:1(a) and XI GATT 285 GATT /GATT as a whole GATT 373 GATT X:3(a)/LIC 1.3 GATT 392, DSU 903 GATT/GATS DSU 159 SCM 3.1(b)/TRIMs TRIMs 39 specific/general provision GATT 302, DSU 322–3 request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2) compliance, importance of scrutiny by panel DSU 131 n. 216, 155–6 fruitfulness of action (DSU 3.7), determination by Member DSU 159 identification of specific measures at issue, specificity, preliminary ruling on DSU 941 legal basis of claim DSU 156 arguments distinguished DSU 223, 235 n. 340, 283 rectification at subsequent stages, arguments in written or other submission or statement DSU 223 legal basis of claim, summary, sufficiency, listing of articles without explanation, sufficiency DSU 216 Schedules of Concessions (GATT II) diminishment of obligations, exclusion GATT 84–5, 106 interpretation and clarification, Marrakesh Protocol as aid GATT 84–5 “subject to the terms, conditions or qualifications in the schedule” (GATT II:1(b)), diminishment of obligations, exclusion GATT 84, 106 standard/powers of review (AB) (issues of law and legal interpretations) (DSU 17.6), non-discriminatory administration of quantitative restrictions (GATT XIII), determination DSU 447 standing/right to bring claim (DSU 3.7), legal interest, relevance DSU 90, 143, 158–9, 319 terms of reference of panels (DSU 7), request for establishment of panel as basis DSU 156 waivers, GATT I/GATT XIII, waivers, relationship GATT 444 Working Procedures (appellate review (DSU 17.9 and ABWP)) “appropriate procedure for the purpose of that appeal only” (ABWP 16(1)) DSU 845 oral hearings (ABWP 27), change of date DSU 853 timetable, modification in exceptional circumstances (ABWP 16(2)) DSU 853, 873 EC — Bananas III (Panel), WT/DS27/R, DSR 1997:II Agriculture Agreement (AG), GATT 1994 and (AG 21.1), market access concessions and commitments (AG 4.1) and AG 126 consultations (DSU 4) adequacy of consultations, Panel responsibilities in relation to DSU 119 establishment of panel, as prerequisite, exceptions, agreement within 60 day period that consultations have failed to settle dispute (DSU 4.7) DSU 122 developing country Members, Licensing Agreement and (LIC 1.2) LIC 9 GATS Agreement “affecting” (GATS I:1) GATS 62 “measures affecting trade in services” (GATS I:1) GATS 4–5 Import Licensing Procedures Agreement (LIC) conformity with GATT principles and obligations requirement (LIC Preamble and 1.2), single undertaking principle, effect LIC 7 developing country Members, and (LIC 1.2) LIC 9 national treatment (GATT III:4) and GATT 259, TRIMs 27 interim review (DSU 15), third party rights DSU 314 interpretation of covered agreements guidelines effectiveness principle (ut res magis valeat quam pereat/effet utile) LIC 8 object and purpose, GATT XIII:2 GATT 426 ordinary meaning “affecting” (GATS I:1) GATS 62 “no less favourable treatment” (SG II:1 and XVII:1) GATS 24 Lomé waiver GATT 65, 444, DSU 399 right of Panel to consider DSU 399 MFN treatment (GATS II), “like service and service supplier” (GATS II:1), wholesale transactions GATS 26 multiple complainants (DSU 9) single panel, “whenever feasible” (DSU 9.1) separate reports (DSU 9.2) DSU 296 structure DSU 300 national treatment (GATS XVII), “like service and service supplier” (GATS II:1), wholesale transactions GATS 75 national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4) “affecting”, licensing procedures GATT 259 “affecting their internal sale, offering for sale, purchase …”, purpose of measure, relevance GATT 259 general principle (GATT III:1) and GATT 259 TRIMs and TRIMs 27 national treatment, services and service suppliers (GATS XVII), determination of violation, requirements, aims and effects test GATS 75 non-discriminatory administration of quantitative restrictions (GATT XIII) allocation of quotas to Members having a substantial interest (GATT XIII:2(d)) GATT 441 allocation of quotas to Members not having a substantial interest (GATT XIII:2(d)), allocation of tariff/import quotas to non-Members GATT 441, 442 inclusion of inconsistent allocations in Schedule of Concessions, relevance GATT 111 object and purpose (GATT XIII:2) GATT 426, 432 relationships within and between agreements TRIMs 27 GATT I/GATT XIII GATT 65 GATT X:1/GATT X:3 GATT 372 request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2) identification of specific measures at issue, measures implementing measure specifically referred to, sufficiency DSU 203 legal basis of claim, arguments distinguished DSU 283 legal basis of claim, summary, sufficiency, listing of articles without explanation, sufficiency DSU 216 specific provisions allegedly breached, reference to (DSU 6.2) DSU 215 Schedules of Concessions (GATT II), interpretation and clarification, Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties GATT 111 third party rights panel proceedings (DSU 10 and Appendix 3) enhancement in accordance with due process agreement between the parties, relevance DSU 312 opportunity to be heard at second substantive meeting DSU 313 panel’s discretion and DSU 312 participation in interim review process (DSU 15), exclusion DSU 314 presence at second substantive meeting DSU 313 submission of additional written material, exclusion DSU 313 GATT practice DSU 312 opportunity to be heard (DSU 10.2) DSU 312 “present their views” (Appendix 3, para. 6) DSU 313 written submissions (DSU 10.2) DSU 312 waivers, GATT I/GATT XIII waivers, relationship GATT 444 Working Procedures (panel) (DSU 12.1 and Appendix 3 (WP)), departure from after consultation with/agreement of parties (DSU 12.1) DSU 313 WTO Agreement conflict between constituent covered agreements (WTO, Annex 1A) GATT 1994/LIC and TRIMs 2 TRIMs 21–2 presumption against WTO General Interpretative Note, SCM 416–17, DSU 62 EC — Bananas III (Article 21.5 — Ecuador) (Panel), WT/DS27/RW/ECU, DSR 1999:II non-discriminatory administration of quantitative restrictions (GATT XIII) allocation of quotas to Members not having a substantial interest (GATT XIII:2(d)) GATT 439–40 object and purpose (GATT XIII:2) GATT 439 EC — Bananas III (Article 21.3), WT/DS27/15, DSR 1998:I burden of proof, implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings (DSU 21.3) DSU 593 implementation of recommendations and rulings of the DSB (DSU 21) impracticality of immediate compliance/reasonable period of time (DSU 21.3, chapeau) “reasonable period” 15-month guideline (DSU 21.3(c)) DSU 556 burden of proof DSU 593 entry into force of legislative instrument, relevance DSU 579
EC — Bananas III (Ecuador) (Article 22.6 — EC), WT/DS27/ARB, DSR 1999:II arbitration (DSU 22.6) scope of review/arbitrators’ mandate (DSU 22.7) agreement/sector for which authorization is sought (DSU 22.3), limitation to DSU 662 determination of “equivalence” (DSU 22.3) DSU 702 methodology paper, request for DSU 731 rejection of proposed level of suspension and DSU 744, 745 specificity requirements agreement and sectors (DSU 22.3) DSU 662 arbitrators’ margin of discretion DSU 680 DSU 6.2 requirements, applicability DSU 659, 687 specific level of suspension (DSU 22.4) DSU 661, 753–4 due process (dispute settlement proceedings) arbitration (DSU 22.6) and DSU 659, 687 specificity requirements (DSU 6.2) DSU 659, 687 implementation of panel or AB recommendations (DSU 19.1), right of panel or AB to make suggestions DSU 505 intellectual property conventions (TRIPS 2), preservation of existing obligations (TRIPS 2.2) TRIPS 14 interpretation of covered agreements specific terms and phrases “effective” (DSU 22.3(b) and (c)) DSU 679 “practical” (DSU 22.3(b) and (c)) DSU 679 relationships within and between agreements, DSU 22.3(b)/DSU 22.3(c) DSU 681 request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2), suspension of concessions (DSU 22.2), applicability to DSU 659, 687 suspension of concessions for non-implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings (DSU 22) level equivalent to nullification or impairment (DSU 22.4), Article 22.6 Arbitrator’s right to review DSU 702 nature and purpose of counter measures DSU 647 “or other obligations”, authorization to suspend (DSU 22.2) DSU 666 suspension in other sectors (DSU 22.3(b))/under other agreements (DSU 22.3(c)), relationship between DSU 681 suspension in same sector as violation as preferred option (DSU 22.3(a)) DSU 676 “if that party considers that it is not practical or effective” (DSU 22.3(b) and (c)) DSU 679–80
EC — Bananas III (US) (Article 22.6 — EC) arbitration (DSU 22.6) scope of review/arbitrators’ mandate (DSU 22.7) determination of “equivalence” (DSU 22.3) DSU 732, 739–40 WTO-consistency as prior consideration DSU 739–40 DSU 22.6 and DSU 22.7 compared DSU 701 specificity requirements, agreement and sectors (DSU 22.3) DSU 674 third party rights DSU 695 confidentiality of proceedings (DSU 14/DSU 17 10/DSU 18 2/WP 3) business confidential information (DSU 18.2), additional procedures, need for, Article 22.6 arbitration DSU 488 interpretation of covered agreements ordinary meaning, “equivalent” (DSU 22.4) DSU 732 specific terms and phrases, “appropriate” (GATT 1947: XXIII:2) DSU 741 nullification or impairment (DSU 3.8) direct or indirect benefits (DSU 3.3) DSU 709 lost opportunities, relevance DSU 709 presumption in case of inconsistency with covered agreement DSU 709 suspension of concessions for non-implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings (DSU 22) agreement to DSU 750 level equivalent to nullification or impairment (DSU 22.4) aggregate effects on suppliers as a whole DSU 718 “appropriate” (GATT 1947: XXIII:2) distinguished DSU 741, 746 comparability of bases, need for DSU 729 double-counting DSU 723 “equivalent”, quantitative test DSU 732, 742 indirect benefits and DSU 522 lost opportunities, relevance DSU 709 national treatment provisions (GATT III) distinguished DSU 709 nullification or impairment (DSU 3.8) distinguished DSU 709 nature and purpose of counter measures DSU 646 suspension in same sector as violation as preferred option (DSU 22.3(a)), “sectors” DSU 677 as temporary measure (DSU 22.8) DSU 646 third party rights, arbitration (DSU 22.6) DSU 695
EC — Bed Linen dispute (WT/DS141) arbitration (DSU 22.6), timing in relation to Article 21.5 arbitration (“sequencing”), ad hoc procedural agreements, non-application of 30-day Article 22.6 deadline DSU 634 implementation of recommendations and rulings of the DSB (DSU 21), ad hoc procedural agreements DSU 634
EC — Bed Linen (AB), WT/DS141/AB/R, DSR 2001:V and DSR 2001:VI determination of dumping (AD 2) calculation of administrative, selling and general costs and profits (AD 2.2.2) “weighted average” (AD 2.2.2(ii)) sales not in the ordinary course of trade (“actual amounts incurred and realized”) AD 43–4 single exporter or producer, sufficiency AD 42, 470 calculation of dumping margins (AD 2.4) comparison of weighted average normal value with weighted average of all comparable export transactions (AD 2.4.2) AD 76 imposition and collection of anti-dumping duties (AD 9), relevance AD 88 n. 120 product types/product as a whole (AD 2.4.2) AD 80 targeted dumping AD 88 fair comparison of export price and normal value (AD 2.4), margins of dumping (AD 2.4.2) AD 73–4 sales transaction not “in the ordinary course of trade”, weighted average (AD 2.2.2(ii)) and AD 43–4 interpretation of covered agreements guidelines, multiple permissible interpretations AD 643 n. 835 specific terms and phrases, “comparable” (AD 2.4.2) AD 78–9 relationships within and between agreements AD 2.2.2(i)/AD 9.4(i) AD 42, 470 AD 2.4.2/AD 2.4 AD 79 standard/powers of review (panel) (AD 17.6), interpretation of relevant provisions of AD (AD 17.6(ii)), “admits of more than one permissible interpretation” AD 643 n. 835 Working Procedures (appellate review (DSU 17.9 and ABWP)), timetable, modification in exceptional circumstances (ABWP 16(2)) DSU 851, 875
EC — Bed Linen (Panel), WT/DS141/R, DSR 2001:V and DSR 2001:VI AD Agreement, preparatory work (VCLT 32), AD 3.4 AD 148 anti-dumping duties, imposition and collection (AD 9), calculation of “all other” anti-dumping duty rate (AD 9.4), single exporter or producer (AD 9.4(i)), sufficiency AD 470 consultations (DSU 4), confidentiality (DSU 4.6), disclosure of information obtained in same proceedings DSU 136 determination of dumping (AD 2) calculation of administrative, selling and general costs and profits (AD 2.2.2) method, Members’ freedom of choice AD 37 methods, hierarchical, whether AD 37 reasonability test, relevance AD 47 calculation of dumping margins (AD 2.4), “margins” of dumping AD 73 determination of injury (AD 3) “dumped imports” AD 119–20, 143, 176 evaluation of injury factors (AD 3.4) all relevant economic factors and indices, need to examine checklist approach AD 164 grammar, relevance AD 148 “including” AD 148 “or” AD 148 consideration of each factor, need to be “apparent” in final determination AD 160 “domestic industry” companies outside domestic industry, relevance AD 146, 225 domestic producers outside selected example, relevance AD 145, 225 developing country Members (AD 15) “anti-dumping duties” AD 585 provisional duty or security (AD 10.3) distinguished AD 585 “constructive remedy” decision not to impose anti-dumping duties AD 580 lesser duty or price undertaking AD 581 “domestic industry” (AD 4), “domestic producers” (AD 4.1), single domestic producer, applicability to AD 224 due process (dispute settlement proceedings), prejudice to party, relevance DSU 214 evidence (panel procedures) (DSU 12), municipal law procedure distinguished DSU 344 good faith (including pacta sunt servanda principle (VCLT 26)), “explore” (AD 15) AD 582 information or technical advice, panel’s right to seek (DSU 13/SPS 11.2) DSU 344 interpretation of covered agreements guidelines grammar, respect for “or” AD 148 semi-colons, significance AD 148 use of plural form, relevance AD 224, 437 n. 574, 470 text/plain language (VCLT 31(2)) AD 47 means, dictionaries AD 580 ordinary meaning, “shall include” AD 148 specific terms and phrases “domestic producers” (AD 4.1) AD 224–5 “dumped imports” AD 119–20, 143, 176 investigation of dumping (AD 5)/subsidy (SCM 11), evidence, sufficiency, investigating authority’s obligation to examine accuracy and adequacy (AD 5.3), “examine” AD 261 procedure, international and municipal rules distinguished DSU 344 public notice of preliminary or final determination (AD 12.2), explanations for initiation of investigations (AD 12.2.2), relevance AD 558–9 relationships within and between agreements AD 2.2.2(i)/AD 9.4(i) AD 470 AD 3.4/AD 12.2 AD 566 AD 9.1/AD 15 AD 580 request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2) identification of specific measures at issue, omission of subject discussed during consultations, relevance DSU 130 as two-stage test DSU 214 retroactivity (provisional measures and anti-dumping duties) (AD 10), definitive duty higher than provisional duty, payment/recalculation (AD 10.3) AD 585 standard/powers of review (panel) (AD 17.6) “facts made available” (AD 17.5(ii)) documents created for purposes of dispute AD 624 evidence before authority at time of determination, limitation to AD 631 standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11), “objective assessment of the facts”, evidence, alleged disregard or distortion by panel, obligation to examine and evaluate all the evidence available to it DSU 344 EC — Bed Linen (Article 21.5 — India (AB), WT/DS141/AB/RW, DSR 2003:III and DSR 2003:IV anti-dumping duties, imposition and collection (AD 9), relationships within and between agreements, AD 6.10/AD 9.4 AD 123 determination of injury (AD 3) “positive evidence” / “objective examination” requirement (AD 3.1), sampling methodology (AD 6.10) and AD 123 evidentiary rules (investigation of dumping) (AD 6), timely disclosure to interested parties of information relevant for presentation of case (AD 6.4), “relevant”, panel’s obligation to assure itself of validity of “information” AD 630 panel reports, legal status, unappealed finding in adopted report DSU 533, 609 prompt and satisfactory resolution of disputes, Members’ right to (DSU 3), impairment of benefits by measures taken by another Member (DSU 3.3), arbitration (DSU 21.5) and DSU 609 relationships within and between agreements AD 3/AD 6.10 AD 123 DSU 16.4, 19.1, 21.1, 21.3 and 22.1 DSU 533, 609 review of implementation of DSB rulings (DSU 21.5) “matter” DSU 601bis “measures taken to comply” DSU 603 examination on basis of facts proved during panel proceedings, limitation to DSU 613 limitation to DSU 607 parties’ assessment, relevance DSU 606 unappealed finding and DSU 604, 609 prompt and satisfactory settlement (DSU 3.3) and DSU 609 standard/powers of review (panel) (AD 17.6), assessment of the facts (AD 17.6(i)), de novo review, exclusion AD 630 standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11) “objective assessment of the facts” evidence, alleged disregard or distortion by panel discretion in assessment of evidence DSU 340, 347, 354 egregious error, need for DSU 347, 354 “objective assessment of matter before it”, error of law, application of burden of proof rules DSU 354 EC — Bed Linen (Article 21.5 — India (Panel), WT/DS141/RW, DSR 2003:III and DSR 2003:IV determination of dumping (AD 2), calculation of administrative, selling and general costs and profits (AD 2.2.2), “weighted average” (AD 2.2.2(ii)), by value or volume AD 45–6 determination of injury (AD 3) evaluation of injury factors (AD 3.4) all relevant economic factors and indices, need to examine, eventual relevance of factor, relevance AD 153 consideration as a whole AD 153 interpretation of covered agreements, specific terms and phrases, “dumped imports” AD 121–3 request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2), legal basis of claim, arguments distinguished DSU 228 review of implementation of DSB rulings (DSU 21.5) “measures taken to comply” examination on basis of facts proved during panel proceedings, limitation to DSU 612 unappealed finding and DSU 604, 609 EC — Citrus Products (Panel), L/5776 MFN treatment (GATT I:1), as non-violation claim “benefit” (GATT XXIII:1(b)) GATT 659 n. 935 non-violation claims (GATT XXIII:1(b)), “benefit”, MFN treatment GATT 659 n. 935 EC — Computer Equipment (AB), WT/DS62/AB/R, WT/DS67/AB/R WT/DS68/AB/R, DSR 1998:V due process (dispute settlement proceedings), prejudice to party, relevance DSU 276, 923 interpretation of covered agreements guidelines legitimate expectations, relevance, tariff concessions in Member’s schedule and GATT 89–91, 104, DSU 46, 75 parties’ intentions (VCLT 31(1)), common intention DSU 46, 75 means context (VCLT 31.2) customs classification practice DSU 38–9 prior practice, need for consistency DSU 39 preparatory work (VCLT 32) DSU 35 preparatory work (VCLT 32) Harmonized System of Customs Classification and Explanatory Notes DSU 38 unilateral customs classification practice DSU 39 non-violation claims (GATT XXIII:1(b)), “benefit”/legitimate expectation of improved market access as, reasonable anticipation and GATT 669 request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2) identification of specific measures at issue application of tariffs as measure DSU 194 identification of product, need for DSU 208 “practice” as measure DSU 194 Schedules of Concessions (GATT II) as integral part of GATT 1994 (GATT II:7) GATT 105 interpretation and clarification applicable rules, Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties GATT 89 common intentions of parties GATT 89–90, DSU 75 Harmonized System and Explanatory Notes and GATT 92 legitimate expectations and GATT 89–91, 104 “treatment contemplated” (GATT II:5) and GATT 104, DSU 46 Member State practice GATT 94–6 World Customs Organization decisions and GATT 93 World Customs Organization (WCO), decisions as aid to interpretation of Schedules of Tariff Concessions GATT 93
EC — Hormones (AB), WT/DS26/AB/R, WT/DS48/AB/R, DSR 1998:I Appellate Body (AB) (DSU 17), reports, extension of deadline for circulation (DSU 17.5) DSU 442 burden of proof allocation, general rule/exception, relationship, relevance, SPS 3.1 and 3.3 DSU 1012 onus probandi actori incumbit SPS 19, DSU 990 prima facie case, need for GATT 396, 499, SPS 57 “prima facie” DSU 993 competence of panels and AB (DSU 3.2), right to develop own legal reasoning including arguments not adduced by parties (jura novit curia) DSU 224 n. 322 due process (dispute settlement proceedings) good faith evaluation of evidence and DSU 350 panel’s discretion on matters of procedure (DSU 12.1 and Appendix 3) DSU 307 expert evidence, multiple complainants and (DSU 9.3) DSU 305–7 expert review groups, rules and procedures (DSU, Appendix 4), panel’s right to establish ad hoc rules SPS 191 harmonization of SPS measures (SPS 3) measures based on international standards (SPS 3.1) “based on”, “conform to” distinguished SPS 60–1, 69 presumption of consistency with SPS/GATT (burden proof) SPS 57, 59, DSU 1012, 1016 measures which conform to international standards (SPS 3.2) burden of proof SPS 62–3, DSU 1012 incorporation into municipal law SPS 59 presumption of consistency with SPS/GATT (burden proof) (SPS 3.2) SPS 59, DSU 1012 measures which result in a higher level of protection (SPS 3.3) as autonomous right SPS 66, DSU 1012 limitations on SPS 67 interrelationship with SPS 3.1 and 3.2 SPS 58–9 Members’ right to choose SPS 3, 66–7 “or as a consequence … “ SPS 71 precautionary principle and SPS 68 SPS 5.1–8, obligation of compliance SPS 71 precautionary principle and DSU 78 information or technical advice, panel’s right to seek (DSU 13/SPS 11.2) “from any individual or body” (DSU 13.1), individual advice, right to seek SPS 188, DSU 417 panel’s rights to consult individual experts SPS 188 to establish group of experts DSU 417 to make ad hoc rules DSU 417 interpretation of covered agreements applicable law, customary rules of interpretation of public international law [as codified in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969)], DSU 3.2 3, 4 guidelines, text/plain language (VCLT 31(2)) GATT 42 n. 76, SPS 102, DSU 28 means footnotes to treaty SPS 71 in dubio mitius principle, as supplementary means of interpretation DSU 42 ordinary meaning, “based on” SPS 52, 61, 97 specific terms and phrases “based on” (SPS 3.1) SPS 52 “conform to” (SPS 3.2) distinguished SPS 60–1, 69 multiple complainants (DSU 9) harmonization of panels and timetables (DSU 9.3), joint meeting with experts DSU 305 prompt and satisfactory resolution of disputes, Members’ right to (DSU 3) and, joint meeting with experts DSU 305 third party participation in panel proceedings initiated by another complainant DSU 307 municipal law, incorporation of international SPS standard SPS 59 national treatment, tax discrimination (GATT III:2), discrimination or disguised restriction of trade resulting from inconsistency of SPS measure (SPS 5.5) distinguished SPS 141–2 non-retroactivity of treaties (VCLT 28) in absence of different intention DSU 66 continuing measures DSU 66 precautionary principle (SPS Agreement) consistency of measures with SPS Agreement, need for SPS 3, DSU 78 customary international environmental law, as principle SPS 2, DSU 78 customary international law, whether SPS 2, DSU 78 harmonization of measures (SPS 3.3) and SPS 68 sufficient scientific evidence (SPS 5.7) and SPS 3, 22, 169, DSU 78 prompt and satisfactory resolution of disputes, Members’ right to (DSU 3), impairment of benefits by measures taken by another Member (DSU 3.3), multiple complainants (DSU 9.3) and DSU 305 relationships within and between agreements SPS 2/SPS 3 SPS 46 SPS 2/SPS 5 SPS 46 SPS 2.2/SPS 5.2 SPS 30 SPS 3 as a whole SPS 59 SPS 3.3/SPS 5.1 SPS 75 SPS/WTO XVI:4 SPS 206 request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2), legal basis of claim, arguments distinguished DSU 224 risk assessment, need for (SPS 5.1–5.3 and Annex A, para. 4) “appropriate to the circumstances” (SPS 5.1) SPS 118 ascertainable/theoretical risk distinguished (SPS 5.1), quantitative threshold, relevance GATT 116 assessment prepared other than by Member concerned, acceptability (SPS 5.1 and Annex A, para. 4) SPS 109 “available scientific evidence” (relevant factors) (SPS 5.2) SPS 125–7 balance of SPS interests and (SPS 5.1) SPS 100 explanation for measure allegedly in breach of SPS 5, burden of proof, relevance SPS 171 measures based on, need for (SPS 5.1) SPS 97–9 “appropriate to the circumstances” (SPS 5.1) SPS 118 evidence of, specific reference to, relevance SPS 121 rational relationship between measure and risk, need for SPS 98 methodology assessment for each substance, need for SPS 106 as scientific process SPS 125 relevance of potential abuse SPS 127 risk arising from difficulty of control SPS 126 “risk assessment” (Annex 4, para. 4) SPS 218–19 “potential” SPS 223 risk management distinguished (SPS 5.1 and Annex A, para. 4) SPS 102 “scientific justification” (SPS 3.3) and SPS 71, 100 specificity of assessment, need for (SPS 5.1 and 5.2) SPS 108, 114, 221 “sufficient scientific evidence” requirement (SPS 2.2) and SPS 98 as complementary obligations SPS 30 divergence of expert views, relevance SPS 26, 98 “taking into account risk assessment techniques” (SPS 5.1) SPS 97 scientific evidence, need for sufficient (SPS 2.2) as part of trade/protection of human life and health balance SPS 8 precautionary principle (SPS 5.7) SPS 3, 22, 169, DSU 78 rational or objective relationship between SPS measure and scientific evidence, need for SPS 98 ad hoc determination SPS 98 SPS Agreement applicability (SPS 1.1), measures in existence before entry into force of SPS agreement SPS 6, 206 basic rights and obligations (SPS 2) arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination, exclusion (SPS 2.3), appropriate level of protection and (SPS 5.5) SPS 41–3 as balance between promotion of international trade and protection of human, animal or plant life or health SPS 8, 100 burden of proof DSU 990 harmonization of measures (SPS 3) SPS 57, 59, 62, DSU 1012 international standards, guidelines and recommendations, possibility of non-compliance or non-existence (SPS 5 8) SPS 171 measures which conform to international standards, presumption of consistency with SPS/GATT (SPS 3.2) SPS 59, 62–3, DSU 1012 risk assessment (SPS 5) SPS 171 definitions (Annex A), “risk assessment” (Annex A, para. 4): see risk assessment, need for (SPS 5.1–5.3 and Annex A, para. 4) interpretation, applicability to pre-existing situations and measures DSU 66 Preamble, precautionary principle and SPS 3, DSU 78 SPS measures, appropriate level of protection (SPS 5.5–5.6) consistency in application (SPS 5.5) arbitrary or unjustifiable inconsistencies, exclusion SPS 139 cumulative nature of obligations SPS 133 discrimination or disguised restriction of trade resulting from inconsistency SPS 141–3 distinctions in the level of protection in different situations, comparability SPS 135 legal obligation, whether SPS 134 SPS measures, international standards, guidelines and recommendations, possibility of non-compliance or non-existence (SPS 5.8), burden of proof SPS 59, 171 standard/powers of review (AB) (issues of law and legal interpretations) (DSU 17.6) classification as issue of law or fact, compliance/consistency with treaty obligations DSU 448 completion of the legal analysis in case of, contentiousness/omission/insufficiency of facts DSU 463 issues of law/legal interpretations, alleged failure of panel to make objective assessment (DSU 11) DSU 350 standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11) completion of the legal analysis DSU 224 objections, requirements, opportunity to cure procedural defect and DSU 937 “objective assessment of the facts” de novo review, exclusion DSU 327 evidence, alleged disregard or distortion by panel discretion in assessment of evidence DSU 339, 1006 discretion in selection of evidence to refer to explicitly DSU 337, 339 egregious error, need for DSU 337, 350 obligation to examine and evaluate all the evidence available to it DSU 337 “objective assessment of matter before it”, error of law, equation of “based on” and “conform to” SPS 69, 97 terms of reference of panels (DSU 7), as definition of jurisdiction/legal claims at issue, legal claim included in terms of reference, limitation of jurisdiction to DSU 224 third party rights panel proceedings (DSU 10 and Appendix 3) enhancement in accordance with due process, panel’s discretion and DSU 307 multiple complainants (DSU 9) and DSU 307, 315 Working Procedures (panel) (DSU 12.1 and Appendix 3 (WP)), panel’s discretion DSU 307, 814–15 WTO Agreement, obligation to ensure conformity of domestic laws, regulations and administrative procedures (WTO XVI:4), “existing legislation” exceptions, exclusion SPS 206
EC — Hormones (Canada)/(US) (Panels), WT/DS26/R, WT/DS48/R, DSR 1998:I consistency in application (SPS 5.5), arbitrary or unjustifiable inconsistencies, exclusion SPS 139 expert review groups, rules and procedures (DSU, Appendix 4) appointment procedures SPS 192 methods for obtaining advice SPS 194 harmonization of SPS measures (SPS 3) measures based on international standards (SPS 3.1) “based on” SPS 52 “where they exist” SPS 53 interpretation of covered agreements, specific terms and phrases, “potential” (SPS Annex A, para. 4) SPS 223 relationships within and between agreements GATT I and III/SPS GATT 301 GATT III:2/SPS 5.5 SPS 141 GATT III/SPS SPS 209 GATT XI/SPS SPS 209 GATT XX(b)/SPS SPS 208, DSU 904 SPS 2.2/SPS 5.4 and 5.6 SPS 33 SPS 2.2/SPS 5.4–5.6 SPS 30 SPS 3 as a whole SPS 58 SPS/TBT SPS 207 risk assessment, need for (SPS 5.1–5.3 and Annex A, para. 4) elements/three-pronged test (Annex A, para. 4), “potential”, “probable” distinguished SPS 223 methodology, assessment for each substance, need for SPS 106 minimization of negative trade effects, obligation (SPS 5.4) SPS 101, 130 relevant economic factors (SPS 5.3), unknown and uncertain elements, relevance SPS 129 “sufficient scientific evidence” requirement (SPS 2.2) and, divergence of expert views, relevance SPS 195 “taking into account risk assessment techniques” (SPS 5.1) SPS 97 timing of assessment (SPS 5.1) SPS 111 SPS Agreement applicability (SPS 1.1) GATT XX(b), relevance SPS 211 phytosanitary measure affecting international trade SPS 5, 210 basic rights and obligations (SPS 2), as balance between promotion of international trade and protection of human, animal or plant life or health, “only to the extent necessary”, trade-restrictive measures, exclusion (SPS 5.4–6) and SPS 33 burden of proof, guidelines and recommendations, possibility of non-compliance or non-existence (SPS 5.8) SPS 171 TBT Agreement, applicability to (TBT 1.5) SPS 207, TBT 4 SPS measures, appropriate level of protection (SPS 5.5–5.6) consistency in application (SPS 5.5) arbitrary or unjustifiable inconsistencies, exclusion SPS 33 discrimination or disguised restriction of trade resulting from inconsistency SPS 141 distinctions in the level of protection in different situations, comparability SPS 135 SPS measures, international standards, guidelines and recommendations, possibility of non-compliance or non-existence (SPS 5.8), burden of proof SPS 59, 171 standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11), risk assessment (SPS Agreement), exclusion SPS 94 third party rights panel proceedings (DSU 10 and Appendix 3) enhancement in accordance with due process panel’s discretion and DSU 307 presence at second substantive meeting DSU 307 multiple complainants (DSU 9) and DSU 307
EC — Hormones (Canada) (Article 22.6 — EC), WT/DS48/ARB, DSR 1999:III arbitration (DSU 22.6) scope of review/arbitrators’ mandate (DSU 22.7) determination of “equivalence” (DSU 22.3) methodology paper, request for DSU 730 “nature of concession”, exclusion (DSU 22.7) DSU 663, 733, 742 specificity requirements agreement and sectors (DSU 22.3) DSU 663 product list DSU 663 specific level of suspension (DSU 22.4) DSU 663, 733 third party rights DSU 696 burden of proof, suspension of concessions, conformity with DSU 22.4 DSU 689 suspension of concessions for non-implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings (DSU 22) level equivalent to nullification or impairment (DSU 22.4) DSU 752 burden of proof DSU 689 “equivalent” (DSU 22.3), quantitative test DSU 733– 742 reasoned estimates, need for DSU 713
EC — Hormones (US) (Article 22.6 — EC), WT/DS26/ARB, DSR 1999:III arbitration (DSU 22.6) scope of review/arbitrators’ mandate (DSU 22.7) determination of “equivalence” (DSU 22.3) methodology paper, request for DSU 730 “nature of concession”, exclusion (DSU 22.7) DSU 663, 733, 742 rejection of proposed level of suspension and DSU 743 specificity requirements agreement and sectors (DSU 22.3) DSU 660, 663 DSU 3 provisions and DSU 686 specific level of suspension (DSU 22.4) DSU 660, 663, 733 third party rights DSU 696 burden of proof, suspension of concessions, conformity with DSU 22.4 DSU 689 order of analysis, specific/general provision SPS 208 suspension of concessions for non-implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings (DSU 22) agreement to DSU 751 level equivalent to nullification or impairment (DSU 22.4) DSU 660 burden of proof DSU 689 “carousel” type suspension DSU 665 “equivalent” (DSU 22.3), quantitative test DSU 733 responsibility of Member to ensure DSU 665
EC — Hormones (Article 21.3), WT/DS26/15, WT/DS48/13, DSR 1998:V burden of proof, implementation measures, reasonable period for (DSU 21.3(c)) DSU 594 implementation of recommendations and rulings of the DSB (DSU 21) impracticality of immediate compliance/reasonable period of time (DSU 21.3, chapeau) “reasonable period” 15-month guideline (DSU 21.3(c)) DSU 554, 557 burden of proof DSU 594 shortest period possible within Member’s normal legislative process DSU 557 interpretation of covered agreements means dictionaries DSU 557 implementation of recommendations and rulings of the DSB (DSU 21), impracticality of immediate compliance/reasonable period of time (DSU 21.3, chapeau), “reasonable period”, time to conduct studies/risk assessment, exclusion DSU 588 specific terms and phrases, “prompt” (DSU 21.1) DSU 557 prompt and satisfactory resolution of disputes, Members’ right to (DSU 3), prompt compliance with DSB recommendations and rulings (DSU 21) and DSU 557
EC — Poultry (AB), WT/DS69/AB/R, DSR 1998:V competence of panels and AB (DSU 3.2), “clarification of existing provisions” DSU 22 decisions, procedures and customary practices under GATT 1947 (WTO XVI:1), joint decisions, limitation to WTO 217 Import Licensing Procedures Agreement (LIC) conformity with GATT principles and obligations requirement (LIC Preamble and 1.2) LIC 1 non-automatic import licensing (LIC 3) small quantities, allocation in respect of (LIC 3.5(i)) LIC 29 transparency and predictability requirement and LIC 24 over-quota trade, applicability LIC 1, 3 trade-restrictive or trade-distortive effects, avoidance (LIC 1.2 and 3.2) LIC 3, 10 transparency and predictability requirement (LIC Preamble) LIC 1 non-automatic import licensing (LIC 3) and LIC 24 interpretation of covered agreements guidelines, text/plain language (VCLT 31(2)) AG 44–5 means customary international trade usage AG 44 preamble of agreement under consideration LIC 1 preparatory work (VCLT 32), Oilseeds Agreement as DSU 40 supplementary means (VCLT 32), other agreements between parties DSU 40 phrases, “c.i.f. import price” (AG 5.1(b)) AG 43–7 modification of schedules (GATT XXVIII), applicability of GATT I and XIII GATT 67, 85, 448 non-discriminatory administration of quantitative restrictions (GATT XIII) allocation of quotas to Members not having a substantial interest (GATT XIII:2(d)), allocation of tariff/import quotas to non-Members GATT 437, 441 compensation negotiations (GATT XVIII) and GATT 448, 732 Oilseeds Agreement (EC-Brazil), covered agreement, whether WTO 217, GATT 2, DSU 3 publication and administration of trade regulations (GATT X) administration in a uniform, impartial and reasonable manner (GATT X:3(a)), equivalence, as procedural requirement GATT 363 measures of general application (GATT X:1) GATT 363, 366 relationships within and between agreements GATT I and XIII/GATT XXVIII GATT 67, 448 GATT X/GATT as a whole GATT 374 Schedules of Concessions (GATT II), non-discrimination under GATT I and GATT 67, 85 special safeguards (AG 5) calculation method (AG 5.5), right of choice AG 48 c.i.f. import price (AG 5(1)(b)) AG 43–7 customary international trade usage AG 44 standard/powers of review (AB) (issues of law and legal interpretations) (DSU 17.6) completion of the legal analysis in case of, disagreement with panel DSU 464 findings or developed legal interpretations, limitation to (DSU 13) DSU 456 findings or developed legal interpretations, limitation to (DSU 17.13) GATT 441, DSU 479 standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11) “objective assessment of matter before it” all arguments, need to consider DSU 22, 333, 1034 allegation of failure to make, seriousness DSU 330 Working Procedures (appellate review (DSU 17.9 and ABWP)), written responses (ABWP 28) DSU 883
EC — Poultry (Panel), WT/DS69/R, DSR 1998:V Import Licensing Procedures Agreement (LIC) conformity with GATT principles and obligations requirement (LIC Preamble and 1.2) LIC 3 export performance, relevance (LIC 3.5(j)) AG 30, LIC 13 neutrality in application and administration in a fair and equitable manner, need for (LA 1.3) LIC 13 non-automatic import licensing (LIC 3), newcomer provision (LIC 3.5(j)) LIC 29, 31 notification obligations (LIC 1.4) LIC 15 rules and procedures distinguished LIC 13 speculation in licences (LIC 3.5(h) and (j)) LIC 28 trade-restrictive or trade-distortive effects, avoidance (LIC 1.2 and 3.2) LIC 10 transparency and predictability requirement (LIC Preamble) frequent changes to rules and LIC 16 non-automatic import licensing (LIC 3) and LIC 24 modification of schedules (GATT XXVIII) applicability of GATT I and XIII GATT 731–2 non-discriminatory administration of quantitative restrictions (GATT XIII), distribution of trade as close as possible to expected shares in absence of restrictions as aim (GATT XIII:2, chapeau) GATT 437 notification obligations and procedures, import licensing LIC 15 relationships within and between agreements, GATT I and XIII/GATT XXVIII GATT 67, 448 terms of reference of panels (DSU 7) identification of specific measures at issue termination of measures before agreement on terms of reference DSU 198 continuing relevance DSU 263 EC — Sardines (AB), WT/DS231/AB/R, DSR 2002:VIII abuse of rights/abus de droit, withdrawal of notice of appeal (WP 30) as DSU 891 amicus curiae briefs, panel’s authority/discretion to accept or reject PSI 52, DSU 1047 burden of proof allocation comparative difficulties, relevance DSU 998 general rule/exception, relationship, relevance SPS 3.1 and 3.3 TBT 9, DSU 1016 TBT 2.4 DSU 1016 due process (dispute settlement proceedings) opportunity to respond to evidence/presentations of other parties DSU 865 prejudice to party, relevance DSU 865 evidence (panel procedures) (DSU 12), time limits for submission, panel’s right to admit “late” evidence, evidence submitted during interim review DSU 371, 435 good faith (including pacta sunt servanda principle (VCLT 26)), dispute settlement procedures, engagement in (DSU 3.10) DSU 890–1 information or technical advice, panel’s right to seek (DSU 13/SPS 11.2), panel’s rights, not to seek DSU 431 interim review (DSU 15), submission of new evidence during, exclusion DSU 371 “international standards … as a basis for technical regulation” (TBT 2.4) applicability to pre-existing measures TBT 6–8 burden of proof, onus probandi actori incumbit TBT 9 “ineffective or inappropriate means” TBT 20–1 “international standard”, consensus, relevance TBT 10–12 legitimacy of objective (TBT 2.2/2.4), relevance TBT 22 “relevant parts of them” TBT 19 notice of appeal, requirements (ABWP 20(2)) due process and DSU 865 withdrawal of appeal (ABWP 30), conditioned on right to refile notice of appeal in accordance with WP 20 DSU 865, 889–91 “technical regulation” (TBT, Annex 1.1) identifiability requirement TBT 60–2 express identification, relevance TBT 61 naming and labelling distinguished TBT 62 Textiles and Clothing Agreement (ATC) “standards” (Annex 1.2) applicability in case of departure from ISO/IEC Guide (TBT 2.4) TBT 63 consensus, relevance (Annex 1.2 and Explanatory note) TBT 63 Working Procedures (appellate review (DSU 17.9 and ABWP)), fair, prompt and effective resolution of disputes as object and purpose DSU 838, 889–91
EC — Sardines (Panel), WT/DS231/R, DSR 2002:VIII burden of proof allocation, general rule/exception, relationship, relevance, SPS 3.1 and 3.3 DSU 1016 TBT 2 4 DSU 1016 implementation of panel or AB recommendations (DSU 19.1), right of panel or AB not to make suggestions DSU 523 “international standards … as a basis for technical regulation” (TBT 2.4) applicability to pre-existing measures harmonization of technical regulations (TBT 2.6) and TBT 24 unilateral measures under MFA (TBT 2.5) and TBT 23 interpretation of covered agreements, ordinary meaning, “relevant” TBT 14 relationships within and between agreements GATT III:4/TBT GATT 302 SCM 1.1/SCM, footnote 59 DSU 907 TBT 2.2 and 2/1/TBT 2.4 DSU 907 TBT 2.2/TBT 2.4 TBT 5 Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement (TBT), GATT III:4 and GATT 302 EC — Tariff Preferences (AB), WT/DS246/AB/R, DSR 2004:III burden of proof allocation, classification for purposes of, relevance to interpretation of agreement GATT 41 defences and exceptions Enabling Clause GATT 55, DSU 1007–8 inconsistency with GATT I:1, sufficiency as basis of complaint GATT 56 Enabling Clause burden of proof and GATT 55, DSU 1007–8 conformity with GSP (generalized, non-reciprocal and non-discriminatory treatment), need for (Enabling Clause, para 2(a)) “discriminate” / “non-discriminatory” absence of clear qualifying criteria or standards GATT 47 identity of tariff preferences, need for GATT 47, 51 “in accordance” GATT 42 conformity with GSP (generalized, non-reciprocal and non-discriminatory treatment), need for (para 2(a)) GATT 44–50 “developing countries” (para. 2(a)) GATT 49 “discriminate” / “non-discriminatory” GATT 44–8 “generalized” (para. 2, footnote 3) GATT 43 as exception to GATT I:1 (“notwithstanding” (para. 1)) GATT 41 as integral part of GATT 1994 GATT 6 least developed countries (para. 2(d)), para. 2(a), independence of GATT 50 preparatory work (VCLT 32), 1971 Waiver Decision GATT 43 treatment designed and … modified to respond to needs of developing countries (para. 3(c)) GATT 48, 49, 53–4 development, financial and trade needs, limitation to GATT 48 differential treatment, scope for GATT 53–4 objective standard, need for GATT 48 “positive” response GATT 48, 53–4 “treatment designed to facilitate and promote the trade of developing countries …” (para. 3(a)) GATT 51–2 undue burden, avoidance GATT 52 GATT 1994, constituent elements (GATT 1994, Art. 1), “other decisions of the Contracting Parties to GATT 1947” (Art. 1(b)(iv)), Enabling Clause, whether GATT 6 interpretation of covered agreements applicable law, customary rules of interpretation of public international law [as codified in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969)], DSU 3.2 GATT 41 guidelines classification as exception, relevance GATT 42 classification for purpose of allocating burden of proof, relevance GATT 41 object and purpose preamble as evidence of means preamble of GATT 45 means preamble of agreement under consideration, as evidence of object and purpose GATT 45 preparatory work (VCLT 32), Enabling Clause GATT 43 ordinary meaning “generalized” (Enabling Clause, para. 2, footnote 3) GATT 43 “non-discriminatory” (para. 2, footnote 3) GATT 44–8 specific terms and phrases, “in accordance with”, Enabling Clause, para. 2(a) GATT 42 order of analysis non-discrimination (GATT I:1)/Enabling Clause GATT 42 specific/general provision GATT 42 Working Procedures (panel) (DSU 12.1 and Appendix 3 (WP)), panel’s discretion DSU 817 EC — Tariff Preferences (Panel), WT/DS246/R, DSR 2004:III confidentiality of proceedings (DSU 14/DSU 17.10/DSU 18.2/WP 3), third party rights and, joint representation DSU 494–5, 1027–9 due process (application of trade measures), objective criteria, need for GATT 597 General Exceptions (GATT XX), measures necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health (GATT XX(b)) justification objective criteria, need for GATT 597 three-tier test GATT 603 implementation of panel or AB recommendations (DSU 19.1), right of panel or AB not to make suggestions DSU 525 MFN treatment (GATT I:1), “accorded immediately and unconditionally to the like product”, “unconditionally” GATT 24 relationships within and between agreements, GATT I:1/Enabling Clause GATT 41, 42 third party rights confidentiality of proceedings (DSU 14/DSU 17.10/DSU 18.2/WP 3), joint representation DSU 494–5, 1027–9 panel proceedings (DSU 10 and Appendix 3), enhancement in accordance with due process, extension to all parties DSU 318 EC — Tariff Preferences (Article 21.3), WT/DS246/14, DSR 2004:IX burden of proof, implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings (DSU 21.3) DSU 561 implementation of recommendations and rulings of the DSB (DSU 21) impracticality of immediate compliance/reasonable period of time (DSU 21.3, chapeau) “reasonable period” burden of proof DSU 561 developing country Members and (DSU 21.2) DSU 548 enlargement of EU, relevance DSU 580 EU implementation of GSP system, relevance DSU 592 flexibility of legislative system and DSU 577
EC — Tube or Pipe Fittings (AB), WT/DS219/AB/R, DSR 2003:VI and DSR:VIII Anti-Dumping Agreement (AD), principles (AD 1), “initiated and conducted in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement”, developments during period of investigation, relevance AD 9–10 determination of dumping (AD 2) calculation of dumping margins (AD 2.4), method, right to choose, GATT VI:2 and GATT 340 period of investigation (POI), changes during, relevance AD 9–10 sales transaction not “in the ordinary course of trade”, weighted average (AD 2.2.2(ii)) and AD 43–4 determination of injury (AD 3) causal relationship manner of evaluating (AD 3 5),non-attribution to dumped imports of injury caused by other factors (AD 3.5) AD 184 cumulative assessment (AD 3.3) conditions AD 139 country by country analysis (AD 3.2) and AD 138 “may” AD 139 rationale AD 140 evaluation of injury factors (AD 3.4), examination of other known factors (AD 3.5), “known” to investigating authority AD 178 evidentiary rules (investigation of dumping) (AD 6), timely disclosure to interested parties of information relevant for presentation of case (AD 6.4), “relevant” AD 348–9 relationships within and between agreements AD 2/GATT VI:2 GATT 340 AD 3.2/AD 3.3 AD 138 AD 6.2/AD 6.4 AD 356 standard/powers of review (AB) (issues of law and legal interpretations) (DSU 17.6), issues not identified during Panel proceedings DSU 457 standard/powers of review (panel) (AD 17.6), assessment of the facts (AD 17.6(i)), de novo review, exclusion AD 630
EC — Tube or Pipe Fittings (Panel), WT/DS219/R, DSR 2003:VI and DSR:VIII Anti-Dumping Agreement (AD), principles (AD 1), “initiated and conducted in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement”, developments during period of investigation, relevance AD 3 anti-dumping duties, duration and review (AD 11) AD 11.1 as general principle underlying AD 11.2 and 3 AD 495 review mechanism, AD 11.2 as AD 507 “warranted” (AD 11.2) AD 507 confidentiality of proceedings (DSU 14/DSU 17.10/DSU 18.2/WP 3), “submissions” and statements of own position distinguished DSU 828 determination of dumping (AD 2) fair comparison of export price and normal value (AD 2.4) “due allowance”, “in each case, on its merits” AD 58 exchange rates and (AD 2.4.1) AD 72 general “fair comparison” requirement and AD 72 sales transaction not “in the ordinary course of trade”, weighted average (AD 2.2.2(ii)) and AD 43–4 determination of injury (AD 3) country by country analysis (AD 3.2), price-undercutting AD 135 cumulative assessment (AD 3.3) conditions AD 139 “conditions of competition” (AD 3.3(b)) and AD 141–2 evaluation of injury factors (AD 3.4) consideration of each factor, need to be “apparent” in final determination AD 162 “domestic industry”, companies outside domestic industry, relevance AD 147 “evaluation” AD 159 developing country Members (AD 15) “constructive remedy”, whether “material” for purpose of AD 12.2 AD 572 obligations (first sentence) AD 578 due process (dispute settlement proceedings), prejudice to party, relevance DSU 222 evidentiary rules (investigation of dumping) (AD 6) on-the-spot verification (AD 6.7) as documentary exercise AD 370 n. 469 as option AD 330 timely disclosure to interested parties of information relevant for presentation of case (AD 6.4), information already available to parties distinguished AD 350 executive summaries non-summarized material, inclusion in panel report DSU 828 panel’s request for DSU 828 good faith (including pacta sunt servanda principle (VCLT 26)) dispute settlement procedures, engagement in (DSU 3.10) DSU 107 clarity of claims, need for DSU 235 implementation of panel or AB recommendations (DSU 19.1), right of panel or AB not to make suggestions DSU 527 “like product” (AD 2.6), constructed normal value (AD 2.2.2) and AD 51 preliminary rulings on admissibility of information not made available to investigating authorities DSU 958 claims outside terms of reference DSU 949 timing of objections DSU 984 public notice of preliminary or final determination (AD 12.2), explanations for initiation of investigations (AD 12.2.2), relevance AD 560 relationships within and between agreements AD 2.2.2/AD 2.6 AD 51 AD 2.4.1/AD 2.4 as a whole AD 72 AD 11.1/AD 11.2 AD 507 AD 12/AD 15 AD 572 request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2) compliance, importance of, clarification of claim during proceedings, exclusion DSU 235 identification of specific measures at issue DSU 235 legal basis of claim arguments distinguished DSU 235 limitation of jurisdiction to cited provisions, whether (DSU 7.2) DSU 221, 949 “especially, but not exclusively”, effect DSU 221 standard/powers of review (panel) (AD 17.6), “facts made available” (AD 17.5(ii)), evidence before authority at time of determination, limitation to DSU 958 Working Procedures (appellate review (DSU 17.9 and ABWP)), fair, prompt and effective resolution of disputes as object and purpose DSU 107, 235
EEC — Animal Feed Proteins (GATT Panel), BISD 25/S/49, request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2), identification of specific measures at issue, termination of measures following interim review DSU 258 n. 370 EEC — Apples I (Chile) (GATT Panel), BISD 27S/98 non-discriminatory administration of quantitative restrictions (GATT XIII), allocation of quotas to Members not having a substantial interest (GATT XIII:2(d)), “representative period” GATT 439 n. 646 nullification or impairment (GATT XXIII), measures in force, limitation to GATT 658 EEC — Cotton Yarn (GATT Panel), BISD 42/17, developing country Members (AD 15), obligations (first sentence), Tokyo Round Anti-Dumping Code (Art. 13) compared AD 577 n. 718 EEC — Imports from Hong Kong (GATT Panel), BISD30S/129, regional trade agreements (GATT XXIV:5), examination (GATT XXIV:7 and Understanding, para. 7), absence of recommendation, effect GATT 706 EEC — Oilseed I (GATT Panel), BISD 37S/86 adverse effects (SCM 5), nullification or impairment of benefits (SCM 5(b)), systematic offset as SCM 203 non-violation claims (GATT XXIII:1(b)) “benefit”/legitimate expectation of improved market access as, arising out of successive rounds of negotiation GATT 660 as exceptional remedy GATT 644 measure in “conflict” with GATT provisions, applicability to, concurrent application to measures falling under other provisions of GATT GATT 648 nullification or impairment, need for, competitive relationship as key factor GATT 671 nullification or impairment (GATT XXIII), measures in force, limitation to GATT 658 EEC — Parts and Components (GATT Panel), BISD 37S/132, national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4) “requirements” private contractual arrangements, relevance GATT 255 Egypt — Steel Rebar (Panel), WT/DS211/R, DSR 2002:VII Anti-Dumping Agreement (AD), preparatory work (VCLT 32), Annex II DSU 37 burden of proof fair comparison of export price and normal value (AD 2.4) AD 53 written record of analysis, relevance AD 166 data collection, period for (AD 2 and AD 3), absence of provision AD 102 determination of dumping (AD 2) calculation of administrative, selling and general costs and profits (AD 2.2.2) actual books and records as basis AD 30 reasonable reflection of costs associated with the production and sale of article AD 30 cost data (AD 2.2.1.1), “reasonably reflect costs” requirement AD 30 export price, construction in absence of [reliable] actual export price, fair comparison (AD 2.4) distinguished AD 50 fair comparison of export price and normal value (AD 2.4) construction of normal value (AD 2.2) distinguished AD 50 “due allowance” “in each case, on its merits” AD 57 object and purpose AD 53 “fair comparison” AD 53 burden of proof, relevance AD 53 determination of injury (AD 3) causal relationship, manner of evaluating (AD 3.5), AD 3.2/AD 3.4 and AD 101, 156 country by country analysis (AD 3.2), price-undercutting AD 134 evaluation of injury factors (AD 3.4) all relevant economic factors and indices, need to examine “factors affecting domestic prices” AD 169 “growth” AD 171 “having a bearing on” AD 156, 168 “profits”, as factor/factors relating to distinguished AD 168 “evaluation” AD 158 written record of analysis, need for AD 166–7 “positive evidence” / “objective examination” requirement (AD 3.1), “objective examination”, evaluation of injury factors (AD 3.4) AD 169 substantive obligations as focus of AD 3, underlying principles (AD 3.1) and AD 101 threat of material injury (AD 3.7), establishment “based on facts, not merely allegation, conjecture or remote possibility”, a “clearly foreseen and imminent” change of circumstances, need for AD 188 determination of serious injury or threat thereof (SG 4), requirements, causation (SG 4.2(b)), coincidence of trends in imports and in injury factors AG 185 evidentiary rules (investigation of dumping) (AD 6) facts available to investigating authority, right of resort to (AD 6.8/Annex II) additional information, right to request (Annex II, para. 1) AD 383 Annex II applicability to AD 6.8 as a whole AD 379, 693 mandatory nature AD 379 preparatory work (VCLT 32) AD 376, DSU 37 reliability of facts, role in ensuring AD 376 good faith (including pacta sunt servanda principle (VCLT 26)), cooperation, relevance AD 394 invocation separately from AD 6.8 AD 703 “necessary information” AD 398–9 obligation to submit information “as soon as possible” (Annex II, para. 1) AD 382–3 “reasonable period” (Annex II, para. 6) AD 699–700 reasons for disregarding information, need for AD 415 resort to requirements AD 386–7 secondary source information, circumspection in use of (Annex II, para. 7) AD 412 “shall” AD 379 specification “in detail” (Annex II, para. 1) AD 382 facts available to investigating authority, right to use (AD 6.8/Annex II), failure to cooperate (AD Annex VII, para. 7), “to the best of its ability” AD 408–9 full opportunity for defence of interests, right to (AD 6.2), “opportunity” AD 337 “notice of the information … and ample opportunity to present in writing all evidence” (AD 6.1), “questionnaires” (AD 6.1.1) AD 315 on-the-spot verification (AD 6.7) AD, Annex I and AD 368 on-the-spot request for further details (Annex I, para. 7) AD 368 good faith (including pacta sunt servanda principle (VCLT 26)), facts available to investigating authority, right of resort to (AD 6.8/Annex II) and AD 394 interpretation of covered agreements guidelines parties’ intentions (VCLT 31(1)), preamble as reflection of AD 376 text/plain language (VCLT 31(2)) AD 127 means preparatory work (VCLT 32), AD Agreement, Annex II AD 376, DSU 37 ordinary meaning “evaluation” AD 158 “fair comparison” AD 53 specific terms and phrases, “shall” (AD 6.8) AD 379 precedent, cases distinguished AD 166 n. 224 public notice and explanation of determinations (AD 12) AD 3.4 factors, written record of analysis and AD 167 due process and AD 167 “reasonable period”, AD, Annex II, para. 6 AD 699–700 relationships within and between agreements AD 3.4 as a whole AD 156 AD 3.4/AD 12.2 AD 167 AD 6.1.1/AD, Annex I AD 315 AD 6.2/AD Annex II AD 704 AD 6.7/AD, Annex I AD 368 AD 6.8/AD, Annex II AD 379 standard/powers of review (panel) (AD 17.6), assessment of the facts (AD 17.6(i)), applicability to investigating authority AD 158 transparency, written record/notification and AD 166–7 economic development, government assistance (GATT XVIII) balance of payments (GATT XII) and GATT 429 quantitative restrictions (GATT XI) and GATT 422 EU, accession agreements GATS 46 EU, treaties establishing GATS 46 Labour Markets Integration Agreement (GATS V bis), notification format GATS 48 notification format (GATS V:7) GATS 42 regional trade agreements, notification GATT 698 national treatment (GATS V:1(b))/MFN treatment (GATS II), applicability GATS 41 reporting obligations (GATS V:7) GATS 43 services agreements, notification and examination (GAT V:7) GATS 45 “substantially all discrimination” (GATS V:1(b)) GATS 41 terms of reference for examination of notified agreements GATS 47 Egypt, preferential tariff treatment for least-developed country Members, notification GATT 60 Electronic Commerce Work Programme (Doha Declaration, para. 34) developing country Members and (GATS IV) GATS 38 GATS treatment GATS 3, 34, 49, 53, 56, 58, 63, 68, 74 Geneva Ministerial Conference and, Global Electronic Commerce, Declaration on (Geneva) WTO 36, 46 Global Electronic Commerce, Declaration on (Geneva) WTO 36 electronic transmission of information, technical regulations (TBT 2.9) TBT 36 emergency safeguard measures (GATS X) GATS 59–60 multilateral negotiations GATS 59–60 Working Party on GATS Rules and GATS 59–60 Enabling Clause WTO 97 burden of proof and GATT 55, DSU 1007–8 conformity with GSP (generalized, non-reciprocal and non-discriminatory treatment), need for (Enabling Clause, para 2(a)) “discriminate” / “non-discriminatory” absence of clear qualifying criteria or standards GATT 47 identity of tariff preferences, need for GATT 47, 51 “in accordance” GATT 42 conformity with GSP (generalized, non-reciprocal and non-discriminatory treatment), need for (para 2(a)) GATT 44–50 “developing countries” (para. 2(a)) GATT 49 “generalized” (para. 2, footnote 3) GATT 43 as exception to GATT I:1 GATT 41 as exception to GATT I:1 (“notwithstanding” (para. 1)) GATT 41 least developed countries (para. 2(d)), para. 2(a), independence of GATT 50 notifications GSP schemes GATT 31 notifications to GATT WTO 32 preparatory work (VCLT 32) GATT 43 1971 Waiver Decision GATT 43 regional or global arrangements amongst less-developed countries (para. 2(c)) notification procedures GATT 36–7 notifications WTO 33–5, GATT 698 reporting arrangements GATT 36 special treatment of least-developed country Members (para. 2(d)) notification procedures, Waiver on Preferential TariV Treatment (1999) GATT 30 notifications GATT 40 text GATT 29 treatment designed and … modified to respond to needs of developing countries (para. 3(c)) GATT 48, 49, 53–4 development, financial and trade needs, limitation to GATT 48 differential treatment, scope for GATT 53–4 objective standard, need for GATT 48 “positive” response GATT 48, 53–4 “treatment designed to facilitate and promote the trade of developing countries …” (para. 3(a)) GATT 51–2 undue burden, avoidance GATT 52 GATS III:4/GATS IV:2 GATS 37, 39–40 SPS, Annex B, para. 3 SPS 227 TRIPS 69 TRIPS 154 environment: see also Trade and Environment, Committee on; trade and environment (Doha Declaration, paras. 31–3) GATS XIV (general exceptions) and, Decision on Trade in Services and the Environment GATS 64 Members’ right to determine own policies WTO 1 protection as legitimate goal of national and international policy WTO 1, 3 trade policies and, obligation to coordinate WTO 1 Equivalence, Decision on Implementation of SPS 4 Decision clarifying (7–8 November 2002 Decision) SPS 83–4, 86–8 Decision on Implementation-Related Issues and Concerns (para. 3.3) SPS 93 developing country Members and SPS 93 “equivalence” SPS 79 explanation of measures, elements for inclusion SPS 80 international cooperation outside the WTO SPS 90–1 interruption or suspension of imports and SPS 85–8 notification of experience relating to implementation of SPS 4 SPS 92 recognition procedure SPS 81 accelerated procedure SPS 82–4 specific programme, recommendation to develop SPS 93 technical assistance to facilitate implementation of SPS 4 SPS 89 timetable and agenda for discussion (2002) SPS 93 error as to fact or situation, effect on validity of treaty (VCLT 48(1)) GPA 12, 14–16 estoppel: see also acquiescence AD 5.5 violations and AD 277, 327 definition AD 277 panel competence, related proceedings in another forum and DSU 79, 248, 948 Enabling Clause notifications GSP schemes GATT 31 special treatment of least-developed country Members GATT 40 enlargement (2004), effect under GATT XXIV:5 GATT 695 n. 985, 705, GATT XXIV Annex V GATS V:7 and GATS 46 European Union, Working Party on Enlargement, establishment GATT 702, GATS 46 evidence, acceptability as, practice in application of laws DSU 177 good faith and SCM 196 private parties/subjects of international law distinguished SCM 196 evidence (GATT XX: justification) scientific evidence, evaluation GATT 609–12 scientific sources representing divergent opinion GATT 610 evidence (panel procedures) (DSU 12) municipal law procedure distinguished DSU 344 refusal of party to provide information, effect, burden of proof and DSU 1014 time limits for submission DSU 367–73 absence of provision (Working Procedures (Appendix 3)) DSU 367 affirmative defence (SCM 3.1) DSU 831 panel’s right to admit “late” evidence DSU 367–73, 954–6 absence of objection by other party DSU 367 evidence submitted during interim review DSU 371, 435 information in the public domain DSU 370 opportunity to comment, need for DSU 372, 894 relevance/significance of evidence and DSU 370 time limit for rebuttal DSU 367–8 preliminary ruling on DSU 954–7 “rebuttal submissions” / “rebuttals” DSU 373, 957 resurrection of abandoned claims AD 619, DSU 285 as two-stage process DSU 367 presentation of case including facts DSU 367 rebuttal of arguments and evidence DSU 367 evidentiary rules (investigation of dumping) (AD 6) accuracy of information, authorities’ obligation to satisfy themselves (AD 6.6) as responsibility of authorities AD 367 “satisfy themselves” AD 365 substantive relevance distinguished AD 366 “ample opportunity to present in writing all evidence” (AD 6.1), extension “upon cause shown … whenever practicable” AD 397 communication of full text of application (AD 6.1.3), “as soon as an investigation has been initiated” AD 325 confidential information (AD 6.5) access to information provided by another interested party (AD 6.1.1/AD 6.1.2) and AD 324 “good cause shown” AD 324, 357 information “by nature” confidential, applicability to AD 357 as responsibility of party submitting information AD 357 justification for request, relevance AD 361 non-confidential summaries (AD 6.5.1) as balance between protection of confidentiality and need to ensure opportunity to defend interests AD 416, 424 “not susceptible of summary”, need for reasons AD 359–60 purpose AD 358 public notice of determinations (AD 12) and AD 417, 449 right to rely on AD 416–18, 570 unwarranted request for confidentiality, right to disregard information (AD 6.5.2) AD 416 553 cooperation, standard, good faith and TRIPS 41 determination of individual margins of dumping (AD 6.10) general rule/deviation from AD 435 individual margin for each known exporter or producer AD 437–8 exporter or producer not originally selected (AD 6.10.2) AD 437 procedural nature AD 438 difficulties in supplying information, due account/assistance in case of (AD 6.13) AD 411, 422 balance of interests of investigating authorities and exporters and AD 439 facts available to investigating authority, right of resort to (AD 6.8/Annex II) additional information, right to request (Annex II, para. 1) AD 383 adverse facts AD 413 Annex II applicability to AD 6.8 as a whole AD 379, 693 preparatory work (VCLT 32) AD 376, DSU 37 reliability of facts, role in ensuring AD 376 in case of partial lack of necessary information AD 490–1 in case of verifiable information AD 392 “verifiable” (Annex II(3)) AD 393 ex post justification, relevance AD 419 extension of period of investigation and (Annex II, para. 1) AD 381 failure to submit necessary information “in timely fashion” (Annex II, para. 3) and AD 397 interpretation in light of AD 6.1.1, 6.8/Annex II, para. 1 AD 397, 400, 423 as “reasonable period” / “reasonable time” AD 397, 401–3 good faith cooperation, relevance AD 394, 406 “information appropriately submitted so that it can be used … without undue difficulties“ (Annex II(3)) AD 395–6 information in medium or computer language required (Annex II, para. 1) AD 404 information provided within reasonable period, investigating authorities’ obligation to use AD 388–91 invocation separately from AD 6.8 AD 703 “necessary information” AD 398–9 objective decision-making based on facts and AD 375 obligation to submit information “as soon as possible” (Annex II, para. 1) AD 381–3 reasons for disregarding information, need for AD 414–15 relationships within and between agreements AD 378 resort to, requirements AD 385–7, 388–91 secondary source information, circumspection in use of (Annex II, para. 7) AD 412 specification “in detail” (Annex II, para. 1) AD 382, 384 time limits, right to set (AD 6.1.1) AD 317–20, 400 facts available to investigating authority, right to use (AD 6.8/Annex II) balance between rights of investigating authorities and legitimate interests of parties, obligation to cooperate (Annex II, para. 7) AD 411, 422, 439 failure to cooperate (AD Annex VII, para. 7) “less favourable result” as possible consequence AD 405, 473 participation of non-governmental experts in on the spot verification as justification AD 372, 410 “to the best of its ability” AD 406–9 full opportunity for defence of interests, right to (AD 6.2) AD 112 change of legal basis, obligation to inform interested parties, whether: see public notice of preliminary or final determination (AD 12.2), change of legal basis, obligation to inform interested parties, whether (AD 12.2) as due process provision AD 335 interrelationship between AD 6.2, first and second sentences AD 335 n. 438 “opportunity” AD 337 relationship with other AD 6 paragraphs AD 338–42 “notice of the information … and ample opportunity to present in writing all evidence” (AD 6.1) access to information provided by another interested party, “promptly” AD 322 access to information provided by another interested party (AD 6.1.1/AD 6.1.2) AD 312–14, 352–4 access to file distinguished AD 321: see also evidentiary rules (investigation of dumping) (AD 6), “notice of the information … and ample opportunity to present in writing all evidence” (AD 6.1); evidentiary rules (investigation of dumping) (AD 6), timely disclosure to interested parties of information relevant for presentation of case (AD 6.4) confidential information AD 324 “interested parties participating in the investigation“ AD 323 change of legal basis, obligation to inform interested parties, whether AD 313–14, 432 clear request for information, need for AD 308, 332, 384, 423 extension “upon cause shown … whenever practicable” AD 317 failure to provide information on AD 311 “questionnaires” (AD 6.1.1) AD 315–16 failure to send, relevance AD 316 time limits, failure to set (AD 6.1.1) AD 309 AD 12 distinguished AD 310 notification to all interested parties of essential facts under consideration (AD 6.9) AD 112, 334 change of legal basis, relevance AD 431 choice of means at Member’s discretion AD 426 essential facts forming basis of preliminary determination, sufficiency for subsequent proceedings AD 431 timely disclosure of relevant information (AD 6.4) distinguished AD 430 on-the-spot verification (AD 6.7) AD, Annex I and AD 368 as documentary exercise AD 370 n. 469 “further information … to be provided” (Annex I, para. 7) accounting information, whether limited to AD 371 on-the-spot request for further details (Annex I, para. 7) AD 368 as option AD 367 n. 464, 369–70, 689 participation of non-governmental experts (Annex I, para. 2) conflict of interest and AD 372, 690 non-cooperation (AD 6.8), as justification for AD 372, 410 notification of participation AD 373 notification of participation, burden of proof AD 373 notification of reasons for AD 374 timely disclosure to interested parties of information relevant for presentation of case (AD 6.4) AD 344–7: see also evidentiary rules (investigation of dumping) (AD 6), “notice of the information … and ample opportunity to present in writing all evidence” (AD 6.1) accidental omission of part of information AD 346–7 “harmless error” distinguished AD 347 information already available to parties distinguished AD 350 payment of fee, relevance AD 345 panel’s obligation to assure itself of validity of “information” AD 630 “ex-positions” (ATC 2.6) ATC 10–13 exchange arrangements (IMF cooperation) (GATT XV) consultations and exchange of information (GATT XV:2), DSU 13.1 consultations and DSU 422 GATT practice GATT 455 exchange rates (AD 2.4.1): see determination of dumping (AD 2), fair comparison of export price and normal value (AD 2.4), exchange rates and (AD 2.4.1) exclusive marketing rights (TRIPS 70.9): see intellectual property rights (TRIPS), exclusive marketing rights, obligations (TRIPS 70.9) length/structure DSU 829 non-summarized material, inclusion in panel report DSU 827–8 “exhaustible natural resources” (GATT XX(g)) as evolutionary concept WTO 3, GATT 627 GATT practice GATT 628 living natural resources, whether WTO 3, GATT 627 sustainable development as objective WTO 3, 4 “full use of the resources of the world” distinguished WTO 4 WTO Preamble as aid to interpretation WTO 3, 4 expert evidence: see also information or technical advice, panel’s right to seek (DSU 13/SPS 11.2); information or technical advice, panel’s right to seek (TBT 14) Article 21.5 proceedings DSU 639 independent assessment, panel’s obligation to make DSU 336 multiple complainants and (DSU 9.3) DSU 305–7 expert review groups, rules and procedures (DSU, Appendix 4) appointment procedures SPS 190–3 methods for obtaining advice SPS 194 panel’s right to establish ad hoc rules SPS 191 export credit guarantees: see export subsidy commitments, prevention of circumvention (AG 10.1), export credit guarantees (AG 10.2); Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I), export credit guarantee or insurance (item (j)); Least-Developed and Net Food- Importing Countries, Decision on Measures concerning the Possible Negative Effects of the Reform Programme, implementation (AG 16) export subsidy commitments, prevention of circumvention (AG 10.1) “applied in a manner which results in, or which threatens to lead to, circumvention …” AG 80–1 burden of proof (AG 10.3): see burden of proof, reversal in respect of circumvention of export subsidy commitments (AG 10.3) “circumvention” scheduled and unscheduled products, distinction, whether AG 80–1 threat of circumvention, sufficiency AG 80 “commitments” AG 79 export competition commitments (AG 8) and AG 81 export credit guarantees (AG 10.2), implementation, Agriculture Committee’s work programme AG 82–5 export subsidy, AG 3.3 prohibition and AG 80–1 export subsidy, prohibited (SCM 1.1 and 3.1) and SCM 126–8 export subsidy, prohibited (AG 3.3) provision of export subsidies under AG 9.1, dependence on AG 14–15 export subsidy, prohibited (SCM, Part II): see also payments on export of agricultural product financed by virtue of governmental action (AG 9.1(c)) “contingent … upon the use of domestic over imported goods” (SCM 3.1(b)), “contingent in fact”, applicability to SCM 129–31 “contingent in fact …” (SCM 3.1(a)) SCM 94–100 “anticipated” (SCM 3.1(a), footnote 4) SCM 98 “but for” test SCM 96 case by case approach SCM 101–3 close connection, need for SCM 94 examination of all relevant facts, need for (SCM 3.1(a), footnote 4) SCM 101 facts at time of establishment of conditions for grant, limitation to SCM 102 “grant or maintain” (SCM 3.1, footnote 4) SCM 98 size of domestic market, relevance SCM 107 “tied to” (SCM 3.1(a), footnote 4) SCM 94–5, 98–100, 103–6 “contingent in law …” (SCM 3.1(a)) SCM 90–3 “contingent” (SCM 3.1) SCM 89, 94–100, 129–30 “contingent upon export performance” (SCM 3.1(a)) AG 9–10, SCM 58, 88 burden of proof, knowledge or expectation, sufficiency SCM 95, 99–100, 103–6 “export performance” SCM 108–9 GATT XVI:4 distinguished SCM 83 OECD Agreement, compliance with, relevance SCM 62 subsidy available to property produced either within or outside subsidizing State SCM 110–12 “grant or maintain” (SCM 3.2) SCM 136–9 Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I): see Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I) national treatment (exemptions) and (GATT III:8(b)) GATT 282, 303–6 national treatment (GATT III) and GATT 304–5 external debt: see Trade, Debt and Finance, Working Group on (Doha Declaration, para. 36)
|
contact us : World Trade Organization, rue de Lausanne 154, CH-1211 Geneva 21, Switzerland
