The texts reproduced here do not have the legal standing of the original documents which are entrusted and kept at the WTO Secretariat in Geneva.

safeguard measures (Safeguards Agreement (SG/GATT XIX (emergency action))), application of measures (SG 5)
 

imports, limitation to S.1.35.4

proportionality (“to the extent necessary”) (SG 5.1) S.1.34

causal link (SG 4.2(b)) and S.1.36

extent of injury as test S.1.34.3

justification, need for S.1.35

in case of quantitative restrictions (SG 5.1, second sentence) S.1.35.1, S.1.36.1

compliance with SG obligations as S.1.35.1, S.1.36.1

publication of analysis of case under investigation (SG 4(2)(c)) and S.1.35.1, S.1.36.1

limitation to share of injury caused by increased imports S.1.35.3

right to apply measure distinguished S.1.35.2

“serious injury” (SG 5.1)/ “serious injury” (SG 4.2(a)) distinguished S.1.35.2

quota modulation and (SG 5.2(b)) S.1.37
 

safeguard measures, characteristics

as balance between appropriate and legitimate right to protect domestic industry and obligation to maintain integrity of trade concessions R.1.1.1, S.1.38.2

exceptional nature of remedy S.1.1.1-2, S.1.45.1-2

relationship between Safeguards Agreement and GATT XIX S.1.44

continuing applicability of GATT XIX S.1.44.2-4

rules for application of GATT XIX (SG 1) S.1.44.2

WTO Agreement, Safeguards Agreement as integral part of (WTO II:2) G.2.1.3, S.1.44.3-4
 

safeguard measures, conditions (SG 2)

causation (SG 2.1)

“imports” / “conditions” S.1.11.1

relevant factors (SG 4.2(a))/ “under such conditions” (SG 2.1), equivalence S.1.12.1

exceptional conditions, need for S.1.45.2

existence of all requirements S.1.1.2

“is being imported” (SG 2.1), as sudden and recent increase S.1.6.1-2, S.1.8.1

“like or directly competitive product” (SG 2.1) S.1.3

specific product, need for S.1.3.1, S.1.49.1-3

parallelism between SG 2.1 and SG 2.2 S.1.13

irrespective of its source, “product … being imported” S.1.13.1.3

prima facie failure to observe S.1.13.2.1

“product … being imported” S.1.13.1.1-2

as pertinent issues of fact and law (SG 3.1) S.1.18.2, S.1.21.1-3, S.1.33.1

separate determinations S.1.10.1-4, S.1.15

“such increased quantities”

“as a result of unforeseen developments” (GATT XIX:1(a)) S.1.6.1-3, S.1.21.2, S.1.50

“as a result of” S.1.48

burden of proof S.1.22.3

demonstration, need for S.1.50.3-5

as pertinent issue of fact and law S.1.50.1-5

“such product” S.1.49

decrease in import quantities at end of investigation period, relevance S.1.8.2-3, S.1.28.2

“rate and amount of the increase … in absolute and relative terms” (SG 4.2(a)) S.1.7.1-4, S.1.29.1

“relative to domestic production” S.1.9.1

sufficient to cause serious injury or threat S.1.6.1-2, S.1.30.1-2

causal link, need to demonstrate S.1.31.1, S.1.31.7

“serious injury” and “threat”, whether mutually exclusive alternatives S.1.10

trends, need to examine S.1.7, S.1.29.1

territorial application S.1.5
 

safeguard measures, customs unions and free trade areas (GATT XXIV) exception, applicability R.1.6, S.1.17.1

customs unions S.1.16

free trade areas S.1.17
 

safeguard measures, determination of serious injury or threat thereof (SG 4), requirements

applicable law M.5.6, S.1.4.1, S.1.20.1-2

customs unions and free trade areas (GATT XXIV) exception and R.1.6.2

“domestic industry” (SG 4.1(c)) S.1.25: see also “like or directly competitive product” (SG 2.1/SG 4.1(c))

“producers as a whole” S.1.25.5

evaluation of all relevant factors (SG 4.2(a)) S.1.2.1-3, S.1.26, S.7.4.2-3

as a whole S.1.27.2-4

data from recent past/throughout investigation period, relative importance S.1.28.1-2

“evaluation” S.1.26.1

“factors other than increased imports” (SG 4.2(b))

application of measures “to the extent necessary” (SG 5.1) and S.1.36

“at the same time” S.1.29.2-3, S.1.30.2

imports excluded from safeguard measure as S.1.14.1

methodology S.1.30.1-2

non-attribution, need for demonstration of S.1.14.2, S.1.30.1-2, S.1.31: see also Anti-Dumping Agreement (AD), determination of injury (AD 3), evaluation of injury factors (AD 3.4)

purpose of provision S.1.36.2

inclusion of all listed factors in notification to Committee on Safeguards (SG 12.2) S.1.41.2

obligation of competent authorities to seek information additional to that supplied by interested parties S.1.26.2

“of an objective and quantifiable nature” (SG 4.2(a)) S.1.27.1, S.1.31.7

“serious injury” (SG 4.1(a)) as factor S.1.26.1

“under such conditions” (SG 2.1), equivalence S.1.12.1

reasoned and adequate explanation S.1.2.1-3, S.1.14.1-2, S.1.26.5, S.1.31.5, S.1.31.7, S.1.46.1-3, S.7.4.2, S.7.4.4, S.7.5.1

“serious injury” (SG 4.1(a)) S.1.23

“material injury” (AD 3, SCM 15.7 and GATT VI) distinguished S.1.23.2

“serious injury” (SG 5.1) distinguished S.1.35.2

“serious injury” (SG 4.1(a))/ “threat of serious injury” (SG 4.1(b)): see also “threat of serious injury” (SG 4.1(b)) below; safeguard measures, conditions (SG 2), “such increased quantities”

as continuum A.1.32A.2, S.1.23.2

quota modulation and (SG 5.2(b)) S.1.37.1

“serious injury”, higher threshold S.1.24.2

“threat of serious injury” (SG 4.1(b)) S.1.24: see also “serious injury” (SG 4.1(a))/ “threat of serious injury” (SG 4.1(b)) above

“clearly imminent” S.1.24.1
 

safeguard measures, developing countries and (SG 9) S.1.39

“applied” S.1.39.2

“against a product” S.1.39.2

expected effect of measure, relevance S.1.39.3

list of excluded countries, need for S.1.39.1
 

safeguard measures, investigation of conditions for: see investigation of conditions for safeguard measures, requirements (SG 3.1/SG 4.2(c))
 

safeguard measures, level of concessions (SG 8)

compensation for adverse effects (SG 8.1) S.1.38.2, S.1.42.4

“equivalent” S.1.38

adequate opportunity for prior consultations (SG 12.3) and S.1.38.1, S.1.42.3
 

safeguard measures, notification and consultation (SG 12)

adequate opportunity for prior consultations (SG 12.3) S.1.42

good faith and S.1.42.4

level of concessions (SG 8.1) and S.1.38.1

meaningful exchange, need for S.1.41.1

time for S.1.42.3

of all pertinent information (SG 12.2) S.1.41

all factors listed in SG 12.2 and 4.2(a), need for S.1.41.2

date of introduction of measure S.1.41.1

precise description of proposed measure S.1.41.1

amendments to measure subsequent to consultation, effect S.1.42.2

“immediately” (SG 12.1, chapeau) S.1.40, S.1.41.3

taking of decision as critical factor (SG 12.3) S.1.40.3

timing (SG 12.1)/content (SG 12.2) distinguished S.1.41.3
 

safeguard measures, publication obligations (SG 4.2(c)) S.1.33

interpretation by reference to SG 3 (investigation) C.2.4, S.1.33.1

unforeseen developments, need to include S.1.33.1, S.1.46.1
 

safeguard measures, standard/powers of review

assessment of the facts

absence of facts S.1.31.4

de novo review, exclusion S.7.4.5, S.7.5.1

in-depth review of “reasoned and adequate” explanation, need for S.1.2.2-3, S.1.22.1-2, S.1.26.5-6, S.1.46.3, S.7.4.2, S.7.4.4-5, S.7.5.1

decrease in imports (SG 2.1) S.1.8.3

as preliminary to determination of causal link S.1.32.2

substitution of panel’s own assessment, exclusion S.1.2.1, S.7.4.5, S.7.5.1

DSU 11, applicability S.7.1.2-3, S.7.6.1

existence of right coupled with exercise of right in conformity with SG S.1.1.1, S.1.26.5
 

Schedules of Concessions (GATT II) T.1: see also Agreement on Agriculture (AG), Schedules of Commitments (AG 3) [and AG Annex 3], incorporation into AG 3 and 6; GATS, Schedules of Specific Commitments (GATS XX), interpretation

diminishment of obligations, exclusion T.1.3.1-2

as integral part of GATT 1994 (WTO II:2) A.1.4A.1, B.2.1, I.3.5.4-5, T.1.2.1-2, T.1.3.1, T.1.3.3, T.1.5.4

interpretation and clarification T.1.2

applicable law A.1.4A.1, I.3.5.4-5, T.1.2.1, T.1.5.1, T.1.5.4

circumstances of conclusion (VC 32) T.1.2.3

footnotes, status A.1.37.4, T.1.4.1

verification of tariff schedules T.1.2.7

World Customs Organization decisions and T.1.2.2

ordinary customs duties in excess of those provided for in Schedule (GATT II:1(b)) T.1.1.1-2

duty different in type T.1.1.2

“other customs or charges” C.27

zero rates, applicability to T.1.2.8

“subject to” (GATT II:1(b)) T.1.1.3

“terms, conditions or qualifications … in Schedule” T.1.1.3
 

SCM Agreement

adverse effects (SCM 5): see serious prejudice (SCM 5(c))

applicability

investigations and reviews of existing measures, initiated on or after date of entry into force of WTO Agreement (SCM 32.3) S.2.41.2

retroactive T.5.1.1-2

calculation of subsidy in terms of benefit to recipient (SCM 14): see also subsidy, definition (SCM 1)

adequacy of remuneration (SCM 14(d)) S.2.23

“adequate” S.2.23.1

“in relation to” S.2.23.3

“market conditions” S.2.23.2

private prices/government role in market, relevance S.2.23.3-4, S.2.24

“remuneration” S.2.23.1

“benefit” (SCM 1.1(b)) and S.2.9.6

broad interpretation, need for S.2.1.3

consultations (SCM 4.1-4.4)

DSU 4.4, relationship with S.2.18.1-2

measure at issue (DSU 4.4), as identified in request for establishment of panel (DSU 6.2), need for identity with, whether C.7.2, R.2.3.8, S.2.17.1

need for S.2.17.1

“statement of available evidence” (SCM 4.2) E.3.11, S.2.18

to clarify the facts of the situation and arrive at mutually agreed solution (SCM 4.3) C.7.2, R.2.4.1, S.2.17.1

countervailing duties: see countervailing duties (SCM, Part V)

determination of injury (SCM 15) S.2.25

“injury” (SCM 15, Footnote 45) S.2.25.1

developing country Members and: see developing countries (SCM 27)

dispute settlement (SCM 30), special or additional rules and procedures (DSU 1.2 and Appendix 2), SCM 4.7 (recommendation for withdrawal of subsidy) J.1.21, S.2.19.4, S.7.7.2

interpretation, guidelines

ordinary meaning O.2.9, S.2.19B.3.1

same or closely related phrases in same agreement A.1.5A.1, S.2.19B.6.3

investigation (AD 5): see investigation of dumping (AD 5)/subsidy (SCM 11)

method, right to choose (SCM 14, chapeau) S.2.22

object and purpose, balanced framework of rights and obligations relating to countervailing duties S.2.1.1-4

prohibited subsidies: see export subsidy, prohibition (AG 3.3); subsidies, prohibited (SCM, Part II)

relationship with other agreements: see Agreement on Agriculture (AG), SCM Agreement and; specific action against dumping (AD 18.1) or subsidy (SCM 32.1)

remedies (SCM 7): see also implementation of panel or AB recommendations (DSU 19.1)

removal of adverse effects (SCM 7.8), expired measure, applicability to I.1, S.2.19C

review of need for continued imposition of countervailing duties (SCM 21.2) distinguished S.2.31.3

serious prejudice (SCM 5(c)): see serious prejudice (SCM 5(c))

specific action against subsidy (SCM 32.1): see specific action against dumping (AD 18.1) or subsidy (SCM 32.1)

standard of review, Declaration on Dispute Settlement Pursuant to the Agreement on Implementation of Art. VI of GATT 1994 (Anti-Dumping Agreement) or Part V of the SCM Agreement

legal effect A.3.63.1

standard of review, absence of provision for A.3.63.1

subsidy, definition (SCM 1.1): see export subsidy, definition; subsidy, definition (SCM 1), conferral of benefit (SCM 1.1(b))

sunset review (SCM 21.3): see countervailing duties (SCM, Part V), sunset review (SCM 21.3)

“withdrawal of subsidy without delay” (SCM 4.7) S.2.19

contractual obligations, relevance S.2.19.3

time-limits

DSU 21.3 provisions, relevance S.2.19.3

insufficiency of facts in panel report for AB to specify C.4.27, S.2.19.5

specification by panel S.2.19.3

“withdraw” S.2.19.1

“without delay” S.2.19.2
 

scope of appellate review: see competence (AB)
 

seek information or technical advice, panel’s right (DSU 13): see information or technical advice, panel’s right to seek (DSU 13)
 

separate opinion (AB/WP 3.2/DSU 17.11) W.2.3A
 

serious damage or actual threat (ATC): see Textiles and Clothing Agreement (ATC), transitional safeguards (ATC 6)
 

serious injury: see safeguard measures, conditions (SG 2); safeguard measures, determination of serious injury or threat thereof (SG 4), requirements; serious prejudice (SCM 5(c)); Textiles and Clothing Agreement (ATC), transitional safeguards (ATC 6), serious damage or actual threat thereof (ATC 6(2)), Member’s determination of
 

serious prejudice (SCM 5(c))

burden of proof S.2.19A.1

displacement of or impediment to imports (SCM 6.3(b)), “over an appropriately representative period” S.2.19B.4

evidence of, information submitted to or obtained by panel including information submitted under SCM Annex V S.2.19B.6.3-4

“market” S.2.19B.1.1-6

“in the same market” S.2.19B.1.4-6

“relevant market”, panel’s discretion to determine S.2.19B.1

pass-through of indirect subsidies and S.2.10.3, S.2.19B.7

price suppression as effect of subsidy (SCM 6.3(c))

“effect of subsidy” (causal link) S.2.19B.5

determination of serious injury provisions distinguished S.2.19B.5.3

time limitation, whether S.2.19B.8

as evidence ipso facto of serious prejudice under SCM 5(c) S.2.19A.1-2

methodology for determining S.2.19B.4.1-2, S.2.19B.5

magnitude of subsidy, relevance S.2.19B.6

panel’s discretion S.2.19B.1

relevant factors S.2.19B.5

order of analysis O.2.9, S.2.19A.1, S.2.19B.3.1

price depression/suppression distinguished S.2.19B.4

relevant market S.2.19B.1

relevant price S.2.19B.2

“significant” S.2.19B.4.1

“suppression” O.2.9, S.2.19B.3.1

“resulted” (SCM 6.1) S.2.19B.8.3
 

services: see GATS, applicability (GATS I); MFN treatment (GATS II); national treatment, general principle (GATT III:1); national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4); national treatment, services and service suppliers (GATS XVII)
 

special or additional rules and procedures for dispute settlement (DSU, Appendix 2)

AD 17, whether A.3.55.1, S.5.1-4

conflict with DSU provisions, precedence in case of (WTO, Annex 1A) S.5.2-4
 

special safeguards: see Agreement on Agriculture (AG), special safeguards (AG 5)
 

specific action against dumping (AD 18.1) or subsidy (SCM 32.1) A.3.60, S.2.36

action under other relevant provisions of GATT 1994 distinguished (AD 18.1, Footnote 24) A.3.61.2, A.3.61.4

requirements

accordance with provisions of GATT VI as interpreted by Anti-Dumping Agreement A.3.61.3, A.3.65.5-8

civil and criminal proceedings and penalties, whether A.3.65.7

intention of dumping, relevance A.3.61.1

measure against dumping/subsidy A.3.61.5, A.3.61.11-13, S.2.36.1-2, S.2.36.6-8

adverse bearing J.3.61.11, S.2.36.6, T.6.2.18

design and structure of measure as evidence of protective application A.3.61.11-12, A.3.65.6, S.2.36.6-7

facilitation of exercise of WTO-consistent rights distinguished A.3.61.13, S.2.36.8

implications for conditions of competition, relevance A.3.61.12, S.2.36.7

measure specific to dumping/subsidy A.3.61.1-3, A.3.61.5-7, A.3.65.6

measure related to distinguished (AD 18.1, Footnote 24/SCM 32.1, Footnote 56) A.3.61.13, S.2.36.8

presence of constituent elements of dumping/subsidy A.3.61.1, A.3.61.7-9, S.2.36.4

as implied condition A.3.61.9-10
 

SPS Agreement, appropriate level of protection (SPS 5.5-5.6)

consistency in application (SPS 5.5) S.6.15

arbitrary or unjustifiable inconsistencies, exclusion S.6.4.1, S.6.15.1-2

discrimination or disguised restriction of trade resulting from inconsistency S.6.15.2, S.6.17

absence of risk assessment as evidence of S.6.17.6

degree of difference sufficient to warn of S.6.17.5

distinctions in the level of protection in different situations S.6.16

comparability S.6.16.1-3

legal obligation, whether S.6.15.1

measures “not more trade restrictive than required to achieve their appropriate level of … protection” (SPS 5.6) S.6.18

“appropriate level”, determination

Member’s obligation S.6.1.4-5

Member’s right S.6.1.1

as preliminary to decision on measure S.6.1.2-3

requirements (SPS 5.6, Footnote 3) S.6.18.1-2
 

SPS Agreement, basic rights and obligations (SPS 2): see also SPS Agreement, sufficient scientific evidence, need for (SPS 2.2)

arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination, exclusion (SPS 2.3) S.6.4

appropriate level of protection and (SPS 5.5) S.6.4.1, S.6.15.1-2, S.6.16

alternative sources of discrimination S.6.4.1, S.6.17.3-4

as balance between promotion of international trade and protection of human, animal or plant life or health S.6.3.1, S.6.5.2: see also General Exceptions (GATT XX), measures necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health (GATT XX(b))

risk assessment (SPS 5.1) and S.6.9.1

underlying nature of provision S.6.2.1, S.6.3.2, S.6.3.4-5
 

SPS Agreement, harmonization of measures (SPS 3)

general rule/exception relationship (SPS 3.1 and 3.2), whether B.3.1.11, S.6.8.1-3

measures based on international standards (SPS 3.1) S.6.6

“based on” S.6.6.1

burden of proof B.3.1.11, S.6.6.3

measures which conform to international standards (SPS 3.2) S.6.7

burden of proof S.6.7.1-2

incorporation into municipal law S.6.7.2

presumption of consistency S.6.6.1, S.6.6.3, S.6.7.2

measures which result in a higher level of protection (SPS 3.3) S.6.8

consistency with other SPS Articles including SPS 5.1-8 S.6.8.4

Members’ right to choose S.6.5.1

risk assessment, need for (SPS 3.3, Footnote 2 and SPS 5.1) S.6.8.4

scientific justification, need for S.6.8.4

SPS preamble and S.6.8.2
 

SPS Agreement, interpretation

applicability to pre-existing situations and measures T.5.2.1

customary rules of interpretation of public international law [as codified in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969)] and P.3.5.1

preamble as aid S.6.8.2
 

SPS Agreement, precautionary principle: see precautionary principle
 

SPS Agreement, risk assessment, need for (SPS 5.1-5.3 and Annex A, para. 4)

ascertainable/theoretical risk distinguished (SPS 5.1) S.6.10

quantitative threshold, relevance S.6.12.4, S.6.14.1

assessment prepared other than by Member concerned, acceptability (SPS 5.1 and Annex 1, para. 4) S.6.9.5

balance of SPS interests and (SPS 5.1) S.6.9.1

compliance with DSB recommendation and ARB. 2.3, ARB. 5.4.3

elements (Annex 1, para. 4)

evaluation according to SPS measures S.6.11.1, S.6.12.2, S.6.12.4

“which might be applied” S.6.12.4

identification of diseases and potential biological and economic consequences to be protected against S.6.11.1

“likelihood” S.6.12.1-4

“potential”

“likelihood” distinguished S.6.12.1

“probable” distinguished S.6.9.4

measures based on, need for (SPS 5.1) S.6.14

rational relationship between measure and risk, need for S.6.14.2-4

risk management distinguished (SPS 5.1 and Annex 1, para. 4) S.6.9.3

“scientific justification” (SPS 3.3) and S.6.8.4-5

specificity of assessment, need for (SPS 5.1 and 5.2) S.6.13, S.6.20.1

causal relationship, need to identify S.6.13.3 n. 372

country-specific analysis, need for S.6.13.4 n. 379

“sufficient scientific evidence” requirement (SPS 2.2) and S.6.3.1-7, S.6.9.1-2, S.6.14.2-3, S.6.14.5

divergence of expert views, relevance S.6.14.4

two-step process, acceptability (Annex A, para. 4) S.6.9.4
 

SPS Agreement, sufficient scientific evidence, need for (SPS 2.2) S.6.3: see also information or technical advice, panel’s right to seek (SPS 11.2); SPS Agreement, harmonization of measures (SPS 3); SPS Agreement, risk assessment, need for (SPS 5.1)

precautionary principle (SPS 5.7) T.6.3.6, T.6.19

provisional adoption of measures in case of insufficiency of scientific evidence (SPS 5.7) S.6.3.6, S.6.19, S.6.20

“insufficiency” S.6.20.1-2

obligation to seek to obtain additional information S.6.21

for more objective assessment of risk S.6.21.1

“relevant” S.6.20.1

requirements, cumulative nature S.6.19.2-3

review within a “reasonable” period of time S.6.22

rational or objective relationship between SPS measure and scientific evidence, need for S.6.3.5

ad hoc determination S.6.3.5, S.6.3.7

proportionality and S.6.3.7

“sufficiency”, as relational concept S.6.3.4
 

SPS Agreement, Transparency of SPS Regulations (Annex B), publication of measures such as laws, decrees or ordinances which are generally applicable (para. 1, Footnote 5) P.5.4, S.6.24
 

standard of review (DSU 11): see also Anti-Dumping Agreement (AD), standard/powers of review (AD 17.6); appellate review (DSU 17), legal issues and interpretations, limitation to (DSU 17.6); competence (AB), completion of legal analysis (DSU 17.6); competence (panels); information or technical advice, panel’s right to seek (DSU 13); judicial economy; panel reports, rationale, need for (DSU 12.7); safeguard measures, standard/powers of review

applicability to Anti-Dumping Agreement subject to AD 17.6 S.7.1.1-3, S.7.1.8

burden of proof

need for separate findings, whether B.3.1.10

need to identify where burden lies, whether B.3.1.9

“objective assessment of the facts” S.7.2.1: see also order of analysis

de novo review, exclusion S.7.2.1, S.7.4.5, S.7.5

evidence, alleged disregard or distortion by panel G.4.5.4, S.7.3.2, S.7.3.3, S.7.3.6

assessment of legislation of complaining party, relevance G.4.4.5

discretion in assessment of evidence E.3.5A, M.5.14, S.7.3.25

discretion in selection of relevant evidence G.4.5.2, J.1.19, M.5.14, S.3.3.16, S.7.3.4, S.7.3.14

discretion to select which evidence to refer to explicitly S.7.3.4

egregious error, need for S.7.3.9

evidence introduced at interim review, right to ignore (DSU 15) S.7.3.13

hypothetical evidence S.7.3.12

independence in evaluating S.3.3.15, S.7.3.5, S.7.3.6, S.7.3.12A-12B, S.7.3.16-18, S.7.3.26-7

inferences outside party’s reasons for adducing evidence C.2.7

insufficiency of evidence, relevance M.5.13, M.5.15, S.7.2.6, S.7.2A.6-7

obligation to examine and evaluate evidence A.3.52.00, M.5.13, S.7.2A.3-4, S.7.3.10, S.7.3.11

party’s obligation to argue relevance of evidence B.3.1.16, E.3.8, S.7.2A.2

relevance, panel’s discretion to determine E.3.9

inter-dependent assumptions and O.2.5

as legal question S.7.3.11A

obligation to gather and analyse factual data S.2.19B.5.6, S.7.3.22

substitution of AB’s assessment, exclusion S.7.3.11A, S.7.3.19

wording of measure in absence of evidence S.7.2A.7

“objective assessment of matter before it” E.3.1, S.7.2: see also inferences from party’s refusal to provide information, panel’s right to draw

AD 17.6(i) compared S.7.1.6

AD 17.6(ii) compared A.3.60.3, S.7.1.7

all arguments, need to consider S.7.2.3, S.7.2.9

all facts, need to consider G.1.1.5

applicability of and conformity with relevant covered agreements E.3.4

customary international law, applicability S.7.2.1

applicable law

customary international law S.7.2.1

panel’s right to determine E.3.4

discretion in deciding which legal issues to address C.4.26, G.4.5.2, J.1.19, S.7.2.7

error of law

failure to incorporate into conclusions all products referred to in terms of reference T.6.3.1

need to set out all matters considered, whether G.4.2.2

factual and legal aspects, inclusion S.7.1.5, S.7.2.8

failure to make as abuse of discretion E.3.2

in-depth review of explanation, need for S.1.2.2-3, S.1.22.1-2, S.7.4, S.7.5.1, S.7.5.3-4

party’s failure to address issues allegedly overlooked G.4.5.3

refusal of party to provide information and: see inferences from party’s refusal to provide information, panel’s right to draw

ultra petita finding on provision not before it S.7.2.4, S.7.2.6, T.6.2.18

obligation to make recommendation, whether, SCM 4.7 and J.1.21, S.2.19.4-5, S.7.7.2

relevant factors

evaluation of all relevant factors, need for S.7.4.2

position of Member at time of determination E.3.6

serious damage or actual threat thereof (ATC 6(2))/SG 4, Member’s determination of, evidence available to Member, limitation to E.3.6, S.7.6, T.7.2.2

“such other findings as will assist the DSB” J.1.19-21, S.7.7

judicial economy and J.1.21, S.2.19.4, S.7.7.2

temporal scope, evidence available to Member, limitation to E.3.6, S.7.6
 

standing/right to bring claim (DSU 3.7): see also amicus curiae briefs

enforcement of WTO rules as justification R.5.3

fruitfulness of resort to dispute settlement procedures L.1.10, M.1.7, P.3.1.13, P.3.7.2, R.5.2, R.5.4, R.5.6

good faith engagement in dispute settlement procedures (DSU 3.10) and R.5.5-6

legal interest, relevance R.5.1

Members of WTO, limitation to A.2.1.2, A.2.1.8

obligation for panel to examine proprio motu, whether R.5.4

positive solution as aim S.3.4.1, S.3.4.5

self-regulating nature of provision R.5.2, R.5.4
 

State responsibility

acts or omissions of executive agency or executive branch L.1.4

countermeasures for breach of international obligations, proportionality and P.3.6.1, P.3.6.3, S.9.2

funding of export subsidy by private parties A.1.25.1
 

State trading enterprises (GATT XVII)

“adequate opportunity to compete for participation in such purchases or sales” (GATT XVII:1(b)) S.7A.5

applicability to STEs of GATT provisions other than GATT XVII S.7A.1.3

prevention of discriminatory behaviour, limitation to S.7A.1.4

“commercial considerations” (GATT XVII:1(b)) S.7A.4

differential prices for commercial reasons, admissibility (GATT XVII:1, Note Ad) S.7A.2.1

insufficiency of GATT XVII:1 to prevent all obstacles to trade (GATT XVII:3) S.7A.6

obligation to comply with GATT principles of non-discriminatory treatment (GATT XVII:1(a)) S.7A.1-2

as anti-circumvention provision S.7A.1.1

GATT XVII:1(b) and S.7A.3

order of analysis O.2.8, S.7A.3.4-7
 

subsidies, prohibited (SCM, Part II): see also developing countries (SCM 27); export subsidy, prohibition (AG 3.3)

amount of subsidy, relevance S.2.2.4, S.2.25.1

“contingent upon the use of domestic over imported products” (SCM 3.1(b)) S.2.15

“in law” S.2.15.1-2

implied provision S.2.15.1

“in law or in fact”, omission, relevance S.2.16

“except as provided in the Agreement on Agriculture” (SCM 3.1(a)) A.1.38.8, S.2.11

Agreement on Agriculture as primary test S.2.11.1

export credit guarantees, applicability to S.2.11.2

“except as provided in the Agreement on Agriculture” (SCM 3.1(b)) A.1.38.8, S.2.14A

national treatment and (GATT III:8(b)) S.2.42
 

subsidy, definition (SCM 1) A.3.61.8, S.2.36.3: see also export subsidy, definition; export subsidy, prohibition (AG 3.3); payments on export of agricultural product financed by virtue of governmental action (AG 9.1(c)), “financed”

applicability “for purposes of this agreement” S.2.2.1-2, S.2.2.4

commonality of terminology in Agreement on Agriculture A.1.3.1-3

conferral of benefit (SCM 1.1(b)) A.1.3.1-3, S.2.9, S.2.26.1, S.2.29.1, S.2.30.1

“benefit” S.2.9.2, S.2.9.4

cost to government, relevance S.2.9.5

export credit guarantee S.2.9.10

privatization, relevance S.2.9.5, S.2.9.9, S.2.31.6-7

recipient

“an industry” (SCM 6.1(b)) S.2.9.7

“enterprise or industry or group of enterprises or industries” (SCM 2) S.2.9.7

“exporter or foreign producer” (SCM 11.2(ii)) S.2.9.7

“firm or industry” (SCM, Annex I) S.2.9.7

firms/owners, relevance of distinction S.2.9.6-8

group of persons S.2.9.7

“manufacture, production or export of any merchandise” (SCM 10, Footnote 36) S.2.9.7, S.2.9.8

natural or legal person as S.2.9.3, S.2.9.7

need for S.2.9.1, S.2.9.3, S.2.9.6

“recipient firm” (SCM, Annex IV) S.2.9.7

“sources found to be subsidized” (SCM 19.3) S.2.9.7

financial contribution (SCM 1.1(a)(1)) A.1.3.1-3

direct transfer of funds (SCM 1.1(a)(1)) S.2.3.1

“bestowed directly or indirectly” (SCM 10, Footnote 36/GATT VI:3) S.2.9.7, S.2.43.1-3

exemption from or remission of internal taxes upon exportation (SCM 1.1(a)(1)(ii), Footnote 1) S.2.5

foregoing of revenues otherwise due (SCM 1.1(a)(1)(ii)) A.1.3.1-3, S.2.3.1

“otherwise due” /basis of comparison (“but for” test) S.2.4

government measures not amounting to S.2.3.1 n. 35

payments to a funding mechanism (SCM 1.1(a)(1)(iv)) S.2.8

private party payments under the Agreement on Agriculture (AG 9.1(c)) distinguished A.1.25.3, S.2.8.1

provision of goods or services (SCM 1.1(a)(1)(iii)) S.2.1.2, S.2.3.1

“goods” S.2.6

government purchases S.2.3.1, S.2.6.1

“provision” S.2.7

severability of goods attached to land, relevance S.2.6.2-4

transfer of economic resources from grantor to recipient for less than full consideration A.1.3.1, A.1.15.1, S.2.23.1

income or price support (SCM 1.1(a)(2)) S.2.3.1

obligations relating to subsidies distinguished S.2.2.3

pass-through of indirect input subsidy to countervailed product, need for (SCM 1.1/GATT VI:3) S.2.10, S.2.10.3, S.2.19B.7.1, S.2.43

serious prejudice (SCM 5(c) and 6.3(c)) distinguished S.2.10.3, S.2.19B.7

simultaneous fulfilment of all criteria, relevance S.2.7.2
 

sunset review (AD 11.3): see Anti-Dumping Agreement (AD), sunset review (AD 11.3); countervailing duties (SCM, Part V), sunset review (SCM 21.3)
 

suspension of concessions (DSU 22)

authorization, need for (DSU 3.7, 22.6 and 23.2(c)) S.9.1

level (DSU 22.4), proportionality, need for S.9.2

as temporary measure (DSU 22.8) ARB. 3.1.2

Abbreviations used on this page