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Nor has much attention been devoted to systematically and comprehensively assess the degree to which WTO Members discriminate against foreign bank. This paper draws upon a new and comprehensive dataset consisting of the commitments countries made at the WTO and the regulations actually imposed on foreign banks by those countries. The dataset covers 123 WTO Members for whom there was also information available on their current regulatory regime for banking (based on the responses to a World Bank survey as discussed in Barth, Caprio, and Levine (2006)). On the basis of that data, the authors develop indices measuring the degree of openness to foreign banking based upon both commitments made and actual regulatory practice, with a view to assessing the overall extent to which countries open their borders to foreign banks more than they are legally obliged to do based upon their WTO commitments. The dataset is also used to assess the overall extent to which countries discriminate against foreign banks by regulating them less favorably than domestic banks. Although our results are still quite preliminary, they do show substantial divergences between commitments and practices. Indices of market openness and discrimination reveal wide differences among the 123 countries in the sample. The paper also identifies various factors that help explain the level of commitments that WTO Members have made.

No: ERSD-2006-11

Auteurs:

James R. Barth: Auburn University and Milken Institute
Juan A. Marchetti: World Trade Organization
Daniel E. Nolle : Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
Wanvimol Sawangngoenyuang: Claremont Graduate University

Date de rédaction: octobre 2006

Mots clés

Bank regulation, banking, financial services, financial sector liberalization, foreign bank entry, GATS, trade in services, WTO.

Cotes JEL

D78, F13, G20, G21, G28

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Ce document est un document de travail et concerne donc des recherches en cours. Il témoigne de l'opinion personnelle des fonctionnaires ou des universitaires invités et est le produit de recherches professionnelles. Il n'est pas censé représenter la position ou les points de vue de l'OMC ou de ses Membres, ni la position officielle des fonctionnaires de l'OMC. Ses auteurs sont seuls responsables en cas d'erreur. Des exemplaires de ce document peuvent être obtenus auprès du Secrétariat de la division responsable, à l'adresse suivante: Division de la recherche et de l'analyse économiques, Organisation mondiale du commerce, rue de Lausanne 154, CH-1211 Genève 21, Suisse. Veuillez indiquer dans votre demande les cote et titre du document.

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