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SUBJECT INDEX B |
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balance of payments difficulties, developing country Members' right to take import measures (GATT XVIII:B) GATT 393 adequacy to forestall the threat of or stop a serious decline in monetary reserves (GATT XVIII:9(a)) GATT 458-9 IMF information as evidence of GATT 459 change in development policy, exclusion of requirement for (GATT XVIII:9) burden of proof GATT 460 macroeconomic policy instruments and structural measures distinguished GATT 467 competence of panel to examine justification GATT 451-3, 468 GATT XVIII:2 GATT 450 inadequacy of reserves (GATT XVIII:9(b)) GATT 458-9 justification (GATT XVIII:9) Ad Note GATT XVIII:11 and GATT 462-6 critical date for evaluation by panel GATT 457 phase-out, right to in absence of balance-of-payments difficulties (GATT XVIII:12(c)) GATT 455, 469, 472 progressive relaxation obligation (GATT XVIII:11), General Council/BOB Committee role (GATT XVIII:12(c)) GATT 454-5 progressive relaxation obligation (GATT XVIII:11), Ad Note (removal of restrictions and recurrence of one of GATT XVIII:9 conditions) GATT 462-6 causal relationship ("would produce") GATT 465 "gradual relaxation" GATT 463 temporal sequence ("thereupon") GATT 466 threat of return, sufficiency GATT 463 right (GATT XVIII:2) GATT 450 balance of payments restrictions, GATT XVIII:B, DSU, applicability to disputes relating to DSU 5 balance of payments, restrictions to safeguard (GATS XII), notification format (GATS XII:4) GATS 54 Balance-of-Payments Restrictions, Committee on adoption of notification format (BOB Understanding, para. 9) GATT 477 establishment WTO 208, GATT 473 observer status GATT 476 reporting procedures GATT 479 rules of procedure (1995) WTO 132, 209, GATT 475 terms of reference WTO 208, GATT 474 balance-of-payments restrictions (GATT XII) see also Committee on Balance-of-Payments Restrictions competence, Ministerial Conference WTO 105 developing country Members (GATT XVIII) distinguished GATT 393, 450 GATT practice GATT 394 "restrictions made effective through state-trading organizations" (Ad Articles XI, XI, XIII, XIV and XVIII) GATT 392 Balance-of-Payments Understanding DSU, applicability (BOB Understanding, footnote 1) GATT 451-3 notification format (para. 9) GATT 477 preparatory work, absence of GATT 451 quantitative restrictions, elimination (GATT XI) and GATT 360 status in relation to GATT XII and XVIII:B GATT 470 time-schedule (para. 13) GATT 455, 472, 478 Bananas, Decision on Transitional Regime for the EC Autonomous Tariff Rate Quotas on Imports of (Doha) WTO 124 benefit: see subsidy, definition (SCM 1), conferral of benefit (SCM 1.1(b)) Berne Convention (1971) TRIPS 43-52 Berne Convention (1971): see copyright protection (Berne Convention (1971)); copyright protection (Berne Convention (1971)), broadcasting to the public (Berne 11bis); TRIPS Agreement, Berne Convention and (TRIPS 9) BFA Committee: see Committee on Budget, Finance and Administration patentability of plant and animal inventions (TRIPS 27.3(b)), review (Doha Declaration) WTO 78 UN Convention on Biodiversity, TRIPS Agreement and WTO 78-9 border measures: see market access (AG 4), measures required to be converted into ordinary customs duties (AG 4.2 and footnote 1); national treatment, general principle (GATT III:1), applicability, measures imposed at the time or point of importation ("internal measures") (GATT Ad Art. III) Border Tax Adjustment, Working Party on, "like product" (GATT III:2 and III:4), criteria GATT 135, 140, 144, 217 Brazil, ATC safeguard measures (ATC 6), TMB discussion ATC 45, 104 Brazil - Aircraft dispute, implementation of recommendations and rulings of the DSB (DSU 21), ad hoc procedural arrangements DSU 468 Brazil - Aircraft (AB) burden of proof developing country Members SCM 3.1(a) (Annex I (Illustrative List of Export Subsidies))/SCM 27 SCM 112-13, DSU 271 export credits at rates below actual cost of funds so employed (Illustrative List of Export Subsidies, item (k)) SCM 416 confidentiality of proceedings (DSU 14/DSU 17.10/DSU 18.2/WP 3), business confidential information (DSU 18.2), obligation to return or destroy DSU 390 consultations (SCM 4.1-4), object and purpose, clarification and development of the facts of the situation/mutually agreed solution (SCM 4.3) SCM 147, 152, DSU 111 developing country Members (SCM 27) phase out/standstill obligation (SCM 27.4) benchmark period (SCM 27.4, footnote 55) SCM 336 burden of proof AG 343-4 "grant" (SCM 27.4, footnote 55) SCM 133-6, 333 inflation, relevance AG 335 SCM 25, relevance SCM 313 Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I) export credits at rates below actual cost of funds so employed (item (k)) "benefit" (SCM 1.1(b)) and SCM 76, 420 burden of proof SCM 416 Commercial Interest Reference Rate (CIRR), relevance SCM 421 international undertaking on official export credits (item (k), second paragraph) ("safe haven"), "field of export credit terms" SCM 427 "used to secure a material advantage" SCM 416, 420 "provision ... through government-mandated schemes ... on terms more favourable ..." (item (k)) SCM 419 interpretation of covered agreements, specific terms and phrases, "grant" (SCM 27.4, footnote 55) AG 332-3, SCM 133-6 preliminary rulings, confidentiality issues DSU 619 relationships within and between agreements SCM 3.1/SCM 27.4 SCM 112-13, DSU 271 SCM 3.1(a)/SCM 27.4 DSU 331 SCM 3.2/SCM 27.4 SCM 135 SCM 25/SCM 27.4 SCM 313 request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2) identification of specific measures at issue amendment of measures before establishment of panel DSU 202 specific measure the subject of consultations, need for identity with, whether SCM 152, DSU 97, 111 subsidy, definition (SCM 1) conferral of benefit (SCM 1.1(b)), SCM Illustrative List, Item (k) and SCM 76 financial contribution (SCM 1.1(a)(1)), conferral of benefit (SCM 1.1(b)) as parallel requirement SCM 8 terms of reference of panels (DSU 7), identification of specific measures at issue, termination of measures before or after conclusion of terms of reference DSU 193 "withdrawal of subsidy without delay" (SCM 4.7), time-limits, DSU 21.3 provisions, relevance DSU 443 Working Procedures (appellate review) (DSU 17.9), adoption, AB authority DSU 390 Brazil - Aircraft (Article 21.5 - Canada) (AB) burden of proof, export credits at rates below actual cost of funds so employed (Illustrative List of Export Subsidies, item (k)) SCM 442 Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I) export credits at rates below actual cost of funds so employed (item (k)) as affirmative defence under SCM 3.1(a) SCM 425 burden of proof SCM 442 Commercial Interest Reference Rate (CIRR), relevance SCM 422 "used to secure a material advantage" SCM 416, 420 relationships within and between agreements, SCM 3.1(a)/SCM Illustrative List, item (k) SCM 417 review of implementation of DSB rulings (DSU 21.5), burden of proof DSU 464 "withdrawal of subsidy without delay" (SCM 4.7) continuation of payments SCM 156-7, 185 "without delay", private contractual arrangements, relevance SCM 164, 185 Brazil - Aircraft (Article 21.5 - Canada II), Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I), export credits at rates below actual cost of funds so employed (item (k)), international undertaking on official export credits (item (k), second paragraph) ("safe haven"), "successor undertaking" SCM 429-30 Brazil - Aircraft (Article 21.5 - Canada II) (AB), Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I), export credits at rates below actual cost of funds so employed (item (k)), Commercial Interest Reference Rate (CIRR), relevance SCM 423 Brazil - Aircraft (Article 21.5 - Canada II) (Panel) burden of proof affirmative defence DSU 149 export credits at rates below actual cost of funds so employed (Illustrative List of Export Subsidies, item (k)) SCM 442-4, 445 mandatory/discretionary legislation distinction DSU 149 confidentiality of proceedings (DSU 14/DSU 17.10/DSU 18.2/WP 3), parties, applicability to DSU 351 Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I) export credits at rates below actual cost of funds so employed (item (k)) as affirmative defence under SCM 3.1(a) SCM 425, 436, 445 Commercial Interest Reference Rate (CIRR), relevance SCM 424 international undertaking on official export credits (item (k), second paragraph) ("safe haven") "interest rates provisions" SCM 437-8 legislation as such (mandatory/discretionary distinction) SCM 451 matching derogation, permissibility SCM 449 OECD Arrangement SCM 437-8 relationship with SCM 3.1(a), determination by footnote 5 SCM 425 interpretation of covered agreements, guidelines, effectiveness principle (ut res magis valeat quam pereat/effet utile) SCM 435 interpretation of covered agreements, ordinary meaning, "interest rate support" (Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I), item (k)) SCM 437 interpretation of covered agreements, specific terms and phrases, "grant" (SCM 27.4, footnote 55) SCM 136 legislation as such, right to challenge, mandatory/discretionary legislation, distinguishability, affirmative defence and DSU 149 relationships within and between agreements, SCM 3.2/SCM 27.4 SCM 136 request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2), identification of specific measures at issue DSU 192 subsidy, definition (SCM 1) conferral of benefit (SCM 1.1(b)) "benefit" SCM 50 "recipient of a benefit" SCM 52 subsidy programmes as such, right to challenge (mandatory/discretionary distinction) SCM 56-9, 451 financial contribution (SCM 1.1(a)(1)) conferral of benefit (SCM 1.1(b)), as parallel requirement SCM 9 direct transfer of funds (SCM 1.1(a)(1)) SCM 17 Brazil - Aircraft (Article 21.5 - Canada) (Panel) burden of proof, export credits at rates below actual cost of funds so employed (Illustrative List of Export Subsidies, item (k)) SCM 416 confidentiality of proceedings (DSU 14/DSU 17.10/DSU 18.2/WP 3), obligation to respect/ensure respect for DSU 395-6 Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I), export credits at rates below actual cost of funds so employed (item (k)), "export credit" SCM 417 implementation of panel or AB recommendations (DSU 19.1), mechanisms, absence DSU 418 implementation of recommendations and rulings of the DSB (DSU 21), surveillance, mechanisms DSU 418 interpretation of covered agreements, ordinary meaning, "export credit" (Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I), item (k)) SCM 417 "withdrawal of subsidy without delay" (SCM 4.7), repayment of past subsidy/retroactive effect SCM 160 Working Procedures (appellate review) (DSU 17.9) composition of delegation, Member's right to determine DSU 395, 588 "other advisers" (WP 13) DSU 395 Brazil - Aircraft (Article 22.6 - Brazil) arbitration (DSU 22.6) scope of review, ad hoc procedural arrangements for implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings DSU 474 specificity requirements, specific level of suspension (DSU 22.4) DSU 502 task of arbitrator (SCM 4.11) burden of proof, allocation SCM 192 determination of "appropriateness/appropriate" countermeasure SCM 188, DSU 516, 546 third party rights DSU 509 timing in relation to Article 21.5 arbitration DSU 465, 474 burden of proof allocation by arbitrator (Article 22.6 arbitration) SCM 192 countermeasures (SCM 4.10) SCM 184 onus probandi actori incumbit SCM 192 prima facie case, need for SCM 192 confidentiality of proceedings (DSU 14/DSU 17.10/DSU 18.2/WP 3), business confidential information (DSU 18.2), parallel confidential/non-confidential reports DSU 393 countermeasures in case of failure to comply with panel or AB report within specified time-period (SCM 4.10) Article 22.6 arbitration and (SCM 4.11) SCM 188, DSU 516, 546 footnote 9 and SCM 180 footnote 10 and SCM 180 nullification or impairment distinguished SCM 171n.242, 178-84, 194 products not in competition, inclusion SCM 184 Article 22.6 arbitration and (SCM 4.11) as special or additional rules and procedures SCM 189-90, 194, DSU 525 task of arbitrator SCM 188, DSU 516, 546 obligation of other party to present evidence SCM 192 "countermeasure" SCM 171, DSU 535 proportionality, need for SCM 180 evidence, evaluation good faith and SCM 193 private parties/subjects of international law distinguished SCM 193 good faith (including pacta sunt servanda principle (VC 26)), evidence submitted by government SCM 193 implementation of recommendations and rulings of the DSB (DSU 21), Article 22.6 panel's right of review DSU 474 interpretation of covered agreements, guidelines effectiveness principle (ut res magis valeat quam pereat/effet utile) SCM 171n.241 meaning to be attributed to every word and phrase SCM 189, DSU 532 text/plain language SCM 180 interpretation of covered agreements, means dictionaries SCM 171, 173, DSU 535 footnotes to treaty SCM 181 preparatory work (VC 32), SCM 4 SCM 180 nullification or impairment (DSU 3.8) inconsistency with covered agreement as prima facie evidence of, rebuttal SCM 174 SCM 3 and 4 (prohibited subsidies) distinguished SCM 174, 178, DSU 541 SCM 5 (adverse effects) SCM 174, 178 SCM 7.9 and 10 (commensurate with degree and nature of adverse effects) distinguished SCM 178, 211 relationships within and between agreements DSU 3.8/SCM 3 and 4 SCM 178 DSU 22.4/SCM 3 and 4 DSU 541 SCM 4.9 and 10/SCM 7.9 and 10 SCM 178 special or additional rules and procedures for dispute settlement (DSU 1.2 and Appendix 2), SCM 4.11 as SCM 189-90, 194, DSU 525, 532 suspension of concessions for non-implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings (DSU 22) level equivalent to nullification or impairment (DSU 22.4) "appropriate" (SCM 4.10) distinguished SCM 178, 194, DSU 525 SCM 3 and 4 (prohibited subsidies) distinguished SCM 178, 194, DSU 525, 541 termination of treaty for breach (VC 60), rights created prior to, effect on (VC 70) DSU 474, 512 third party rights, Article 22.6 arbitration DSU 509 "withdrawal of subsidy without delay" (SCM 4.7), withdrawal of subsidy as SCM 7.8 remedy compared SCM 178 Brazil - Aircraft (Panel) burden of proof, phase out/standstill obligation (SCM 27.4) AG 343-4 consultations (SCM 4.1-4), object and purpose, clarification and development of the facts of the situation/mutually agreed solution (SCM 4.3) SCM 152, DSU 96 developing country Members (SCM 27) WTO 7 phase out/standstill obligation (SCM 27.4) burden of proof AG 343-4 constant or nominal values as determining factor AG 335 "grant" (SCM 27.4, footnote 55) AG 332-3 actual expenditure, limitation to SCM 337-8 "inconsistent with its development needs", responsibility for determining SCM 340-2 "prohibited" subsidy status (SCM 3.1(a)) and SCM 111, 317-18 SCM 27.2(b) and SCM 317-18, 322 "shall phase out" SCM 329-31 developing country Members SCM Agreement and WTO 7 developing country Members WTO Agreement Preamble and WTO 7, 8 Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I) export credits at rates below actual cost of funds so employed (item (k)) "benefit" (SCM 1.1(b)) and SCM 420 international undertaking on official export credits (item (k), second paragraph) ("safe haven"), "field of export credit terms" SCM 427 offset of advantage, sufficiency to prohibit measure (items (e)-(i)) SCM 403 "provision ... through government-mandated schemes ... on terms more favourable ..." (item (k)) SCM 402, 419 interpretation of covered agreements, means, same or closely related phrases in same agreement, SCM 3.2/SCM 27.4 SCM 133 interpretation of covered agreements, ordinary meaning, "field of export credit terms" (Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I)) SCM 427 relationships within and between agreements SCM 3.1/SCM 27.2(b) SCM 317-18 SCM 3.1/SCM 27.4 SCM 111, 317-18 SCM 3.2/SCM 27.4 SCM 133-5 SCM 27.2(b)/SCM 27.3 SCM 322 request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2) consultations, indication as to whether held DSU 131 DSB's obligation to examine absence DSU 131 panel's obligation to examine absence DSU 131 identification of specific measures at issue, specific measure the subject of consultations, need for identity with, whether SCM 152, DSU 131 request for establishment of panel, requirements (SCM 4.4), consultations, failure to reach mutually agreed solution DSU 131 SCM Agreement, object and purpose (SCM 1), multilateral disciplines on subsidies distorting international trade SCM 1, 338 special or additional rules and procedures for dispute settlement (DSU 1.2 and Appendix 2), SCM 4.2 as SCM 162 subsidy, definition (SCM 1) financial contribution (SCM 1.1(a)(1)) direct transfer of funds (SCM 1.1(a)(1)), timing of transfer, relevance SCM 22 potential direct transfer of funds (SCM 1.1(a)(1)) SCM 20 "withdrawal of subsidy without delay" (SCM 4.7), "without delay", DSU 21.3 and SCM 162, 168 Brazil - Desiccated Coconut (AB) countervailing duties (SCM, Part V), compliance with GATT VI:3 and SCM Agreement (SCM 10) GATT 292-7, SCM 227, 385-6 Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU), as integral part of WTU Agreement WTO 11 Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU), applicability (DSU 1), "covered agreements" (DSU 1.1) DSU 1 due process (dispute settlement proceedings), opportunity to respond to evidence/presentations of other parties DSU 185 GATT 1994, WTO Agreement, incorporation into (WTO Annex 1A), GATT as integral part of WTO (WTO II:2) GATT 295 interpretation of covered agreements, means, preparatory work (VC 32), SCM Agreement GATT 293 interpretation of covered agreements, ordinary meaning, "provisions of this agreement" (SCM 32.3) GATT 292 interpretation of covered agreements, specific terms and phrases, "this agreement" (SCM 32.3) 2.292-7 MFN treatment (GATT I:1), anti-dumping and countervailing duties (GATT VI) and GATT 24, 312 non-retroactivity of treaties (VC 28) in absence of different intention DSU 61 pre-existing rights, countervailing duties (SCM 32.3) GATT 292, 301, SCM 374-5 relationships within and between agreements, GATT VI/SCM GATT 321-3, SCM 374-9, 384-6 Schedules of Concessions (GATT II), inconsistency with GATT VI and GATT 313 SCM Agreement investigations and reviews of existing measures, initiated ... on or after date of entry into force of WTO Agreement (SCM 32.3) procedural aspects of investigations, whether limited to SCM 378 retroactivity SCM 374-5 "this agreement" SCM 376-7 investigations and reviews of existing measures, initiated ... on or after date of entry into force of WTO Agreement (SCM 32.3), retroactivity GATT 292-7, 301, SCM 374-5 preparatory work (VC 32), SCM Code (Tokyo Round) GATT 293-7, 301-2 SCM Code (Tokyo Round) dispute settlement provisions, extension GATT 297 subsequent agreement for purpose of interpretation of GATT VI, whether WTO 335, GATT 301 subsequent practice for purpose of interpretation of GATT VI, whether WTO 335, GATT 301 terms of reference of panels (DSU 7) as definition of jurisdiction/legal claims at issue DSU 185 due process and, opportunity to respond to evidence/presentations of other parties DSU 185 "matter referred to the DSB", as identified in DSU 6.2 DSU 187 WTO Agreement conflict between constituent covered agreements, precedence (WTO, Annex 1A) SCM 384-6 objectives, integrated multilateral trading system WTO 2, SCM 384-6 as single treaty instrument WTO 11 WTO Preamble, legal relevance WTO 2 Brazil - Desiccated Coconut (Panel) consultations (DSU 4), as unconditional obligation (DSU 4.2) DSU 87 consultations (SCM 4.1-4), "without prejudice" nature of obligation (DSU 4.6) DSU 87 countervailing duties (SCM, Part V) compliance with GATT VI:3 and SCM Agreement (SCM 10) SCM 385-6 measures to which GATT VI not applicable SCM 278 continuing collection of duties imposed prior to entry into force of WTO Agreement, SCM 32.3 and SCM 379 review of need for continued imposition (SCM 21.2) SCM 278 decisions, procedures and customary practices under GATT 1947 (WTO XVI:1) GATT 301 SCM Code, whether WTO 335 GATT 1947, continuing relevance under WTO, decisions, procedures and customary practices (WTO XVI:1) GATT 301 GATT 1994, WTO Agreement, incorporation into (WTO Annex 1A), as agreement distinct from GATT 1947 GATT 301 interpretation of covered agreements, means "any subsequent agreement ... regarding its interpretation or application" (VC 31(3)(a)) GATT 301 "any subsequent practice ... which establishes the agreement of the parties regarding its interpretation" (VC 31(1)(b)) GATT 301 MFN treatment (GATT I:1), anti-dumping and countervailing duties (GATT VI) and GATT 24, 312 precedent, decisions, procedures and customary practices under GATT 1947 (WTO XVI:1) GATT 301 relationships within and between agreements, GATT VI/SCM GATT 320, SCM 369, 384 request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2) consultations, indication as to whether held DSU 130 panel's obligation to examine absence DSU 130 Schedules of Concessions (GATT II), inconsistency with GATT VI and GATT 313 SCM Agreement investigations and reviews of existing measures, initiated ... on or after date of entry into force of WTO Agreement (SCM 32.3), "existing measures" SCM 379 preparatory work (VC 32), SCM Code (Tokyo Round) GATT 194 specific action against dumping (AD 18.1) or subsidy (SCM 32.1), requirements, accordance with provisions of GATT VI as interpreted by Anti-Dumping Agreement SCM 369 terms of reference of panels (DSU 7), special terms of reference (DSU 7.3) DSU 225 WTO Agreement conflict between constituent covered agreements, precedence (WTO, Annex 1A) SCM 384-6 objectives, integrated multilateral trading system SCM 384-5 broadcasting (copyright): see copyright protection (Berne Convention (1971)), broadcasting to the public (Berne 11bis) Brussels Declaration: see least-developed country Members, Third UN Conference on (LDC-III) (Brussels Declaration) budget and contributions (WTO) (WTO VII) see also Committee on Budget, Finance and Administration (BFA) annual budget estimate WTO 263 annual budgetary and financial reports WTO 264 BFA recommendations WTO 265 contributions, scale "inactive members" WTO 266 methodology for calculating, revision 1995 WTO 267 2000 WTO 267 regular review WTO 266 Financial Regulations (WTO) WTO 266, 269 Financial Rules (WTO) WTO 266 Voluntary Contributions, Gifts, or Donations from Non-Governmental Donors, Guidelines (2000) WTO 270 burden of proof affirmative defence SCM 445, DSU 149, 265, 266 allocation comparative difficulties, relevance DSU 284 general rule/exception, relationship, relevance SPS 3.1 and 3.3 TBT 9, DSU 270, 274 misallocation as error of law DSU 273 allocation by arbitrator (Article 22.6 arbitration) SCM 192 arbitration (DSU 25) DSU 558 change in development policy, exclusion of requirement for (GATT XVIII:9 and Note Ad) GATT 460-1 defences and exceptions, GATT XVIII:11 and Ad Note DSU 266 delay in submitting claim and GATT 585 double taxation measures, justification SCM 413 export credits at rates below actual cost of funds so employed (Illustrative List of Export Subsidies, item (k)) SCM 416, 442-4, 445, 450 fair comparison of export price and normal value (AD 2.4) AD 42 GATT XX: see General Exceptions (GATT XX), burden of proof guidelines and recommendations, possibility of non-compliance or non-existence (SPS 5.8) SPS 136, 176 harmonization of measures (SPS 3) SPS 27, DSU 270, 274 implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings (DSU 21.3) DSU 448, 454-6 mandatory/discretionary legislation distinction DSU 149, 286 measures "not more trade restrictive than required to achieve their appropriate level of ... protection" (SPS 5.6) SPS 177-8 non-violation claims (GATT XXIII:1(b)) GATT 582-5, DSU 576 non-violation claims (GPA XXII:2) GPA 14 notification of participation of non-governmental experts in on-the-spot verification (AD, Annex 1(2)) AD 301 onus probandi actori incumbit GATT 522, 582-4, ATC 22, TBT 9, AD 27, SCM 192, DSU 264-5, 269-70 panel's obligation to apply correctly DSU 273 panel's right to seek information and advice (DSU 13/SPS 11.2), relevance DSU 285, 340 prima facie case, need for GATT 37, 362, 461, 522, SPS 175-8, AD 95, SCM 192, DSU 266 evidence other than that submitted by parties, panel's right to consider DSU 281 explicit finding, relevance DSU 267, 282-3 inconclusive outcome DSU 263 panel ruling in favour, need for DSU 272 "prima facie" SPS 179, DSU 220, 270 "reasonable doubts", sufficiency DSU 273 refusal to provide information, relevance DSU 272 quantitative restrictions (GATT XI) GATT 362 requirements of exporting country in relation to import of its products SPS 178 reversal in respect of circumvention of export subsidy commitments (AG 10.3) AG 86-7 SCM provisions conferral of benefit (SCM 1.1(b)) SCM 59-60, 69-70 countermeasures (SCM 4.10) SCM 184, 192 developing country Members phase out/standstill obligation (SCM 27.4), burden of proof AG 343-4 developing country Members SCM 3.1(a) (Annex I (Illustrative List of Export Subsidies))/SCM 27 SCM 112-13, DSU 271-2 "serious prejudice" (SCM 27.7) SCM 359 SG 4.2 DSU 281 SPS measures DSU 269-70 guidelines and recommendations, possibility of non-compliance or non-existence (SPS 5.8) SPS 136 harmonization of measures (SPS 3) GATT 37, SPS 27, 41, 176, DSU 270, 274 risk assessment (SPS 5) SPS 136 sufficiency of scientific evidence (SPS 2.2) GATT 523, SPS 16 suspension of concessions, conformity with DSU 22.4 DSU 506 transitional safeguard measures (ATC 6) ATC 43 TRIPS 2.4 DSU 274 TRIPS 70.8 DSU 273 written record of analysis, relevance AD 126 business confidential information: see confidentiality of proceedings (DSU 14/DSU 17.10/DSU 18.2/WP 3), business confidential information (DSU 18.2) business practices (GATS IX) GATS 51
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