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SUBJECT INDEX I |
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The texts reproduced here do not have the legal standing of the original documents which are entrusted and kept at the WTO Secretariat in Geneva. |
IF Trust Fund: see least-developed country Members, Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to least-developed country Members (IF) Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I) export credit guarantee or insurance (item (j)), as contextual guidance SCM 415 export credits at rates below actual cost of funds so employed (item (k)) SCM 417-54 as affirmative defence under SCM 3.1(a) SCM 425, 436, 445 "benefit" (SCM 1.1(b)) and SCM 75-6, 420 burden of proof SCM 416, 442-4, 445, 450 Commercial Interest Reference Rate (CIRR), relevance SCM 421-4 "export credit" SCM 417 international undertaking on official export credits (item (k), second paragraph) ("safe haven") SCM 426-45 Canadian Policy Guideline SCM 441 "export credit practice" SCM 433-6 "field of export credit terms" SCM 427 "in conformity" SCM 439-41 "interest rates provisions" SCM 437-8 legislation as such (mandatory/discretionary distinction) SCM 451-3 matching derogation, permissibility SCM 446-50 OECD Arrangement SCM 428-32, 437-41 qualification for inclusion under, requirements SCM 426 "successor undertaking" SCM 429-30 legislation as such SCM 451-3 "used to secure a material advantage" SCM 416, 420 offset of advantage, sufficiency to prohibit measure (items (e)-(i)) SCM 403 "provision ... through government-mandated schemes ... on terms more favourable ..." (item (k)) SCM 402, 419 relationship with SCM 3.1(a), determination by footnote 5 SCM 425 remission or deferral of direct taxes (item (e)) deferral not amounting to export subsidy (footnote 59) SCM 115 third and fourth sentences as remedies SCM 117 social welfare charges (item (e)), footnote 59, relevance SCM 79-80, 115-17 illustrative lists: see State trading enterprises (GATT XVII), "illustrative list showing ... relationships ... and kinds of activities ... relevant for the purposes of Art. XVII" IMF: see International Monetary Fund (IMF)/WTO relationship implementation of panel or AB recommendations (DSU 19.1) measure not identified in request for establishment of panel, applicability to AD 533-4 measure terminated in course of proceedings/no longer in existence DSU 316, 397-9 mechanisms, absence DSU 418 right of panel or AB not to make suggestions DSU 410-16 right of panel or AB to make suggestions DSU 400-9 implementation of recommendations and rulings of the DSB (DSU 21) ad hoc procedural arrangements DSU 466-73 Article 22.6 panel's right of review DSU 474 choice of means at Member's discretion (DSU 21.3) TRIPS 432n.652, DSU 417, 427 impracticality of immediate compliance/reasonable period of time (DSU 21.3, chapeau) "reasonable period" 15-month guideline (DSU 21.3(c)) DSU 430-6 administrative measures as means of implementation, relevance DSU 448 amendment DSU 438-40 burden of proof DSU 448, 454-6, 463-4 complexity of implementation process DSU 448, 452 complexity of implementing measures DSU 428, 448 contentiousness, relevance DSU 452 developing country Members and (DSU 21.2) DSU 425-6 DSB precedent, relevance DSU 437 economic and social conditions, relevance DSU 422, 450, 453 full and effective implementation (DSU 22), relevance DSU 457 "particular circumstances" DSU 445-53 shortest period possible within Member's normal legislative process DSU 423, 433-6 structural adjustment, relevance of need for DSU 451 "time ... shorter or longer, depending on the particular circumstances" (DSU 21.3(c)) DSU 424, 429 time required for enactment of law DSU 447 time to conduct studies/risk assessment, exclusion DSU 435-6 mandate of arbitrator, limitation to determination of reasonable period of time for implementation (DSU 21.3(c)) DSU 427-8 prompt compliance (DSU 21.1) "compliance" DSU 421-2 judicial economy and DSU 312 modification of underlying economic or social conditions distinguished DSU 422 review: see review of implementation of DSB rulings (DSU 21.5) surveillance, mechanisms DSU 418 suspension of WTO-inconsistent measure during "reasonable period of time", need for DSU 441-2 implementation of WTO Agreement, Multilateral Trade Agreements and Plurilateral Trade Agreements see also Anti-Dumping Agreement (AD), Decision on Implementation-Related Issues and Concerns and; Decision on Implementation-Related Issues and Concerns (Doha) as WTO function, Geneva Ministerial Declaration WTO 15 Import Licensing Procedures Agreement see also Committee on Import Licensing applicability to, over-quota trade LIC 1, 3 conformity with GATT principles and obligations requirement (LIC Preamble and 1.2) LIC 1, 3 continuity of terminology between 1979 and 1994 LIC LIC 7 single undertaking principle, effect LIC 7 consultation and dispute settlement (LIC 6), table of disputes LIC 43 developing country Members and (LIC 1.2) LIC 9 automatic import licensing, delay in application (LIC 2) LIC 18-19 domestic legislation (LIC 8.2), notification of obligations, procedures LIC 47 export performance, relevance LIC 13, 30 national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4) and GATT 235, TRIMS 23 neutrality in application and administration in a fair and equitable manner, need for (LA 1.3) LIC 13 administration in a uniform, impartial and reasonable manner (GATT X:3(a)), equivalence GATT 357 non-automatic import licensing (LIC 3) GATT II(1)(b) and LIC 33 small quantities, allocation in respect of LIC 29 transparency and predictability requirement and LIC 24 notification obligations (LIC 1.4 and 5) WTO 171, LIC 15 counter-notifications LIC 42 duplication or overlapping of notifications LIC 38-9 GATT 1947 obligations, elimination LIC 40 procedures, agreement on LIC 17 statistics LIC 37 review of operation (LIC 7) annual questionnaire, form LIC 46 procedures for LIC 44-6 rules and procedures distinguished LIC 4-6, 13 speculation in licences LIC 28 tariff quotas, applicability to LIC 2, 13 use of "restriction" in LIC 3.2 and 3.3, relevance LIC 2 trade-restrictive or trade-distortive effects, avoidance (LIC 1.2 and 3.2) LIC 3, 10 transparency and predictability requirement (LIC Preamble) LIC 1, 16 frequent changes to rules and LIC 16 income tax, marketing cost, whether AG 77 Independent Entity (preshipment inspection): see PSI Agreement, Independent Entity India - Autos (Panel) implementation of panel or AB recommendations (DSU 19.1), measure terminated in course of proceedings/no longer in existence DSU 316, 398-9 interpretation of covered agreements, means, dictionaries GATT 232 "like product" (GATT III:2 and III:4), relevant factors, nationality of producer or origin of product GATT 227 national treatment, general principle (GATT III:1), applicability, measures imposed at the time or point of importation ("internal measures") (GATT Ad Art. III), quantitative restrictions (GATT XI) distinguished GATT 271, 383 national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4) "affecting" GATT 238 nature of advantage, relevance GATT 238 "requirements", non-mandatory measures GATT 231, 232-3 order of analysis, specific/general provision GATT 285-6 quantitative restrictions, elimination (GATT XI), GATT III and GATT 271-2 relationships within and between agreements GATT III:4/TRIMS 2 GATT 272n.412, 285-6, TRIMS 25, 31-2 GATT XI:1/TRIMS 2 GATT 286, TRIMS 31-2 TRIMS Agreement national treatment (GATT III:4) and GATT 272n.412, 285-6, TRIMS 31-2 quantitative measures (GATT XI and) GATT 272n.412, TRIMS 31-2 India - Patents (EC) (Panel), TRIPS Agreement, "shall have authority" (TRIPS 43-8) TRIPS 125 India - Patents (US) (AB) burden of proof allocation, misallocation as error of law DSU 273 panel's obligation to apply correctly DSU 273 prima facie case, need for, "reasonable doubts", sufficiency DSU 273 TRIPS 70.8 DSU 273 competence of panels and AB (DSU 3.2), not to add to or diminish rights and obligations (DSU 3.2/19.2) DSU 27 consultations (DSU 4), due process, disclosure obligation DSU 88 consultations (SCM 4.1-4), object and purpose, clarification and development of the facts of the situation/mutually agreed solution (SCM 4.3) SCM 147, 153 decisions, prod, panel reports, legal status, as acquis (WTO Art. XVI:1) GATT 1n.2 developing country Members, TRIPS Agreement, right to delay application (TRIPS 65) TRIPS 95, 142 disclosure obligation, consultations (DSU 4) DSU 88, 595 Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU), "covered agreements", applicability to (DSU 1.1) DSU 2 due process (dispute settlement proceedings), panel working procedures, need for DSU 593 interpretation of covered agreements, guidelines legitimate expectations, relevance DSU 69 object and purpose, TRIPS TRIPS 1 text/plain language DSU 27 judicial economy, discretionary nature DSU 305 municipal law as evidence of compliance with international obligations DSU 641 Certain German Interests in Polish Upper Silesia DSU 641 interpretation of legislation distinguished DSU 641 state practice DSU 641 as fact for purposes of international adjudication DSU 641 non-violation claims (GATT XXIII:1(b)) "benefit"/legitimate expectation of improved market access as DSU 69 DSU 26.1 and DSU 69 patents (TRIPS, Section 5), existing rights, applicability to (TRIPS 70), patent protection (TRIPS 27) and TRIPS 95 request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2) good faith, disclosure of all relevant information DSU 165 legal basis of claim, arguments distinguished DSU 173 legal basis of claim, summary, sufficiency, "including but not necessarily limited to" DSU 164 standard of review (DSU 11), "objective assessment of matter before it", error of law, application of burden of proof rules DSU 273 terms of reference of panels (DSU 7), as definition of jurisdiction/legal claims at issue, legal claim included in terms of reference, limitation of jurisdiction to DSU 215-16 TRIPS Agreement developing country Members, right to delay application (TRIPS 65) TRIPS 95, 142 dispute settlement (TRIPS 64) DSU, applicability (DSU 1.1) DSU 2 non-violation and situation complaints, moratorium DSU 69 existing rights, applicability to (TRIPS 70.2) obligation to provide means for filing applications relating to delayed application of TRIPS 27 (TRIPS 70.8) TRIPS 158-9 exclusive marketing rights, requirements (TRIPS 70.9) and TRIPS 160-1 object and purpose, effective and adequate protection of intellectual property rights TRIPS 1 obligations (TRIPS 1), implementation, freedom to choose method (TRIPS 1.1) TRIPS 2 Working Procedures (panel) (DSU 12.1 and Appendix 3), panel's discretion, limitations DSU 216, 318 India - Patents (US) (Panel) implementation of panel or AB recommendations (DSU 19.1), right of panel or AB to make suggestions DSU 404 relationships within and between agreements, TRIPS 65/TRIPS 70.8 TRIPS 143-4 TRIPS Agreement developing country Members, right to delay application (TRIPS 65) TRIPS 139-40 dispute settlement (TRIPS 64), DSU, applicability (DSU 1.1) DSU 69 existing rights, applicability to (TRIPS 70), transitional arrangements (TRIPS 65) and TRIPS 143-4 existing rights, applicability to (TRIPS 70.2), obligation to provide means for filing applications relating to delayed application of TRIPS 27 (TRIPS 70.8), exclusive marketing rights, requirements (TRIPS 70.9) and TRIPS 161 transitional arrangements (TRIPS 65), procedural nature TRIPS 140 India - Quantitative Restrictions (AB) balance of payments difficulties, developing country Members' right to take import measures (GATT XVIII:B) change in development policy, exclusion of requirement for (GATT XVIII:9), macroeconomic policy instruments and structural measures distinguished GATT 467 competence of panel to examine justification GATT 451-3, 468 progressive relaxation obligation (GATT XVIII:11), Ad Note (removal of restrictions and recurrence of one of GATT XVIII:9 conditions), temporal sequence ("thereupon") GATT 466 balance of payments restrictions, GATT XVIII:B, DSU, applicability to disputes relating to DSU 5 Balance-of-Payments Understanding DSU, applicability (BOB Understanding, footnote 1) GATT 451-3 preparatory work, absence of GATT 451 burden of proof defences and exceptions, GATT XVIII:11 and Ad Note DSU 266 prima facie case, need for, explicit finding, relevance DSU 267 competence (AB), classification as issue of law or fact, credibility and weight of evidence DSU 268 competence (panels), balance-of-payments measures (BOP Understanding, footnote 1) GATT 451 expert evidence, independent assessment, panel's obligation to make DSU 249 information or technical advice, panel's right to seek (DSU 13), expert evidence (DSU 13.2), timing of request for in relation to establishment of prima facie case DSU 267 interpretation of covered agreements, means, preparatory work (VC 32), BOP Understanding, footnote 1 GATT 451 judicial restraint GATT 453 standard of review (DSU 11), "objective assessment of matter before it", expert evidence, panel's obligation to make independent assessment DSU 249 India - Quantitative Restrictions (Panel) balance of payments difficulties, developing country Members' right to take import measures (GATT XVIII:B) GATT 393, 450 adequacy to forestall the threat of or stop a serious decline in monetary reserves (GATT XVIII:9(a)) GATT 458-9 IMF information as evidence of GATT 459 change in development policy, exclusion of requirement for (GATT XVIII:9 and Note Ad), burden of proof GATT 460 justification (GATT XVIII:9) Ad Note GATT XVIII:11 and GATT 462-6 critical date for evaluation by panel GATT 457 phase-out, right to in absence of balance-of-payments difficulties (GATT XVIII:12(c)) GATT 455, 469, 472 progressive relaxation obligation (GATT XVIII:11) General Council/BOB Committee role (GATT XVIII:12(c)) GATT 454-5 "gradual relaxation" GATT 463 progressive relaxation obligation (GATT XVIII:11), Ad Note (removal of restrictions and recurrence of one of GATT XVIII:9 conditions) GATT 462-6 causal relationship ("would produce") GATT 465 threat of return, sufficiency GATT 463 right (GATT XVIII:2) GATT 450 balance-of-payments restrictions (GATT XII), developing country Members (GATT XVIII:B) distinguished GATT 393, 450 Balance-of-Payments Understanding status in relation to GATT XII and XVIII:B GATT 470 time-schedule (para. 13) GATT 455, 472, 478 burden of proof affirmative defence DSU 266 change in development policy, exclusion of requirement for (GATT XVIII:9 and Note Ad) GATT 460-1 prima facie case, need for GATT 362, 461, DSU 266 quantitative restrictions (GATT XI) GATT 362 developing country Members, WTO Agreement Preamble and WTO 5 economic development, government assistance (GATT XVIII), balance-of-payments (GATT XVIII) and GATT 393 implementation of panel or AB recommendations (DSU 19.1), right of panel or AB to make suggestions DSU 406 International Monetary Fund (IMF)/WTO relationship, consultations and exchange of information, obligation, whether DSU 342 interpretation of covered agreements, guidelines, multiple authentic languages (VC 33), meaning which best reconciles texts (VC 33(4)) DSU 55 licensing requirement, as quantitative restriction (GATT XI:1) GATT 375 modification of schedules (GATT XXVIII), applicability of GATT XI and GATT 362 quantitative restrictions, elimination (GATT XI) burden of proof GATT 362 GATT XIII and GATT 410 "prohibition or restriction" (GATT XI:1) licensing requirements GATT 375 "restrictions made effective through state-trading organizations" (Ad Articles XI, XI, XIII, XIV and XVIII) GATT 371, 387 relationships within and between agreements GATT XI:1/GATT I:1 and XIII:1 GATT 385 GATT XI and XVIII:B/GATT XIII GATT 410 GATT XII and XVIII:B/Balance-of-Payments Understanding GATT 470 GATT XII/GATT XVIII:B GATT 450, 481 GATT XVIII:9(a):GATT XVIII:9(b) GATT 458 request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2), legal basis of claim, evidence to support claim distinguished DSU 217 State trading enterprises (GATT XVII), quantitative restrictions (GATT XI:1) GATT 371 WTO Agreement, Preamble, legal relevance, developing country Members' concerns WTO 5 India-Sri Lanka Free Trade Agreement, Enabling Clause and GATT 37 Indonesia - Autos (Article 21.3) implementation of recommendations and rulings of the DSB (DSU 21) impracticality of immediate compliance/reasonable period of time (DSU 21.3, chapeau) "reasonable period" developing country Members and (DSU 21.2) DSU 425 structural adjustment, relevance of need for DSU 451 Indonesia - Autos (Panel) burden of proof, SCM provisions, "serious prejudice" (SCM 27.7) SCM 359 confidentiality of proceedings (DSU 14/DSU 17.10/DSU 18.2/WP 3), obligation to respect/ensure respect for DSU 630 developing country Members (SCM 27) actionable subsidies (SCM 27.9). nullification or impairment claims, limitation to SCM 360 exemption from SCM 3.1(a) (transitional period) (SCM 27.3), as authorization of prohibited subsidies (GATT III:2) SCM 325 serious prejudice (SCM 27.7) SCM 359 directly competitive or substitutable products (GATT III:2), as dynamic relationship (including possibility of latent demand) GATT 95 export subsidy, prohibited (SCM, Part II) national treatment and (GATT III:8(b)) GATT 258, 282 national treatment (GATT III) and GATT 280-1 GATS, applicability (GATS I), GATT 1994, effect on GATT 279 interpretation of covered agreements, applicable law customary rules of interpretation of public international law [as codified in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969)] TRIMS 33 in absence of specific provision SCM 388-9 interpretation of covered agreements, means same or closely related phrases in different agreements, GATT III/SCM 15, footnote 46 SCM 251 same or closely related phrases in same agreement SCM 5(c)/SCM 6(3)(c) SCM 196 SCM 6.3(a)/SCM 6.4 SCM 204 interpretation of covered agreements, ordinary meaning, "displace or impede" (SCM 6.3(a)) SCM 202 "like product" (GATT I), "like product" (GATT III:2 and III:4) compared GATT 11 "like product" (GATT III:2 and III:4) hypothetical "like product" GATT 142 "like product" (GATT I) compared GATT 11 relevant factors, nationality of producer or origin of parts and components GATT 160 "like product" (SCM 15, footnote 46) "characteristics closely resembling" SCM 251-5 physical characteristics SCM 253 price SCM 253-4 unassembled/assembled products, whether SCM 255 MFN treatment (GATT I:1) "accorded immediately and unconditionally to the like product" differential treatment on the basis of origin of product and GATT 14 local content requirement, relevance GATT 14 private contractual arrangements, relevance GATT 14 "accorded immediately and unconditionally to the like product", order of determination GATT 7 customs duties and tax benefits as (GATT III:2) GATT 29 national treatment, exceptions (GATT III:8), payment of subsidies exclusively to domestic producers (GATT II:8(b)), SCM Agreement and GATT 258, 279-82 national treatment, general principle (GATT III:1), publication and administration of regulations (GATT X) and GATT 353 national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4) "all laws, regulations or requirements affecting" TRIMS 5n.8 applicability to direct taxes [on individual] GATT 280 national treatment, tax discrimination (GATT III:2), applicability, indirect taxes [taxes on products] GATT 280 national treatment (TRIPS 3) applicability (TRIPS 3.1, footnote 3) TRIPS 18 developing country Members' right to delay application (TRIPS 65.2), applicability TRIPS 142 "less favourable treatment", protection of trade-related property rights and TRIPS 15-17 relationships within and between agreements GATT I/GATT X GATT 353 GATT III/GATT X GATT 353 GATT III:4/TRIMS 2 GATT 283, TRIMS 25, DSU 330 GATT III/SCM SCM 380-1 GATT/SCM GATT 279 SCM 3.1(b)/TRIMS SCM 389 TRIPS 20/TRIPS 65.5 TRIPS 82, 141 request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2) identification of specific measures at issue DSU 188 measure not yet taken DSU 212 SCM Agreement relationship with other agreements, TRIMS TRIMS 33-5, SCM 388-9 specificity (SCM 2), subsidy "contingent upon the use of domestic over imported goods" (SCM 3.1(b)), relationships within and between agreements SCM 83 transitional arrangements (existing programmes) (SCM 28.1), "inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement" (SCM 28.1) SCM 365 "serious prejudice" (SCM 5(c)) obligation to remove adverse threats or withdraw subsidy (SCM 7.8) SCM 209 "significant price undercutting" (SCM 6.3(c)) and SCM 196 "serious prejudice" (SCM 6) developing country Members, exclusion (SCM 27.9) SCM 360 displacement or impediment to imports (SCM 6(a)), need for SCM 202 "displacement" SCM 203 "impediment" SCM 203 market share data, relevance SCM 204 SCM 4, relevance SCM 204 "effect of the subsidy" (SCM 6.3(a)) SCM 200 nationality of producers, relevance SCM 202 "significant price undercutting" (SCM 6.3(c)) SCM 196, 206 standing to bring claim, serious prejudice to another Member, relevance SCM 208 "serious prejudice" (SCM 27.7) SCM 359 standing as claimant (SCM) Member suffering serious prejudice, limitation to (SCM 7.2) SCM 208 SCM 6.3(a) SCM 202 terms of reference of panels (DSU 7) identification of specific measures at issue amendment of measures following establishment of panel DSU 203 termination of measures following agreement on terms of reference DSU 201 TRIMS Agreement Illustrative List local content requirements (Item 1) TRIMS 4 tax and customs duty benefits (para. 1(a)) TRIMS 5, 26 "investment measures" (TRIMS 1) TRIMS 1-2 legislative measures, relevance TRIMS 2 national treatment (GATT III:4) and GATT 283, TRIMS 3, 5, 24-6 relationship with other agreements, SCM TRIMS 33-5 TRIPS Agreement, transitional arrangements (TRIPS 65), "lesser degree of consistency" (TRIPS 65.5) TRIPS 141 Working Procedures (appellate review) (DSU 17.9), composition of delegation, Member's right to determine DSU 622, 630 WTO Agreement conflict between constituent covered agreements (WTO, Annex 1A) GATT III/SCM DSU 329 presumption against TRIMS 33, SCM 388-9, DSU 59 SCM/TRIMS TRIMS 33-5 cumulative nature of obligations SCM 381 information or technical advice, panel's right to seek (DSU 13) DSU 256 adverse inferences and: see adverse inferences from party's refusal to provide information, panel's right to draw (DSU 13) burden of proof and DSU 272, 285, 340 expert evidence (DSU 13.2) individual advice, right to seek SPS 159, TBT 54, DSU 336 SCM 4.2 (statement of available evidence) and SCM 147 timing of request for in relation to establishment of prima facie case DSU 267 "information from any relevant source" (DSU 13.2) DSU 347-9 panel's rights confidentiality considerations SG 79-82, DSU 343, 564 in situations where party has not raised a defence DSU 341 to accept or reject requested information or advice DSU 337, 338, 343, 564 to accept or reject unrequested information or advice DSU 337-8 to establish group of experts DSU 336 to evaluate source of information or advice DSU 337 to make ad hoc rules DSU 336 prompt and full response, obligation DSU 344-5 information or technical advice, panel's right to seek (SPS 11.2), information or technical advice, panel's right to seek (DSU 13), individual advice, right to seek SPS 159 information or technical advice, panel's right to seek (TBT 14), individual advice, right to seek TBT 54 information technology products Committee of Participants on the Expansion of Trade in Information Technology Products establishment GATT 59 Non-Tariff Measures Work Programme GATT 61 observer status GATT 59n.116 rules of procedure (1997) GATT 60 Declaration on Trade in Information Technology Products (Singapore) WTO 120, GATT 57-8 Infrastructure Agreement (WTO-Switzerland) (1995) WTO 274 injury: see Anti-Dumping Agreement (AD), determination of injury (AD 3); Anti-Dumping Agreement (AD), sunset review (AD 11.3), "likelihood" test; safeguard measures (SG/GATT XIX), conditions (SG 2); SCM Agreement, determination of injury (SCM 15); Textiles and Clothing Agreement (ATC), transitional safeguards (ATC 6), serious damage or actual threat thereof (ATC 6.2), Member's determination of, requirements Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to least-developed country Members and Joint Integrated Technical Assistance, identification of ways of enhancing and rationalizing (Doha Declaration): see least-developed country Members, Integrated Framework for Trade-Related Technical Assistance to least-developed country Members (IF) Inter-Agency Panel on Short-Term Difficulties in Financing Normal Levels of Commercial Import of Basic Foodstuffs establishment AG 122 recommendations (2002) AG 123-4 report (2002) AG 122 terms of reference AG 122 interim review (DSU 15) objection to jurisdiction during, timeliness DSU 587 termination of measures following, effect DSU 193n.271 third party rights DSU 234 International Bovine Meat Agreement acceptance provisions (IBM VI) WTO 329 accessions, absence of provision for WTO 319 amendments (IBM VI:4) WTO 294 deletion from WTO Annex IV (Plurilateral Agreements) WTO 293 notification requirements (IBM III) IBM 2 reservations (IBM VI:1(b)) WTO 350 supply and demand, evaluation (IBM IV:1) IBM 3 termination (IBM VI) IBM 6 International Bovine Meat Agreement, replacement (IBM I) IBM 1 International Dairy Agreement (IDA) acceptance provisions (IDA VIII) WTO 328 amendments (ID VIII:4) WTO 294 decision on Derestriction of International Dairy Agreement (IDA) Documents (1996) WTO 128 deletion from WTO Annex IV (Plurilateral Agreements) WTO 293 notification obligations and procedures (IDA III) ID 2, 7 reservations (IDA VIII:1(b)) WTO 350 review of functioning of Agreement (IDA IV:1(b)) ID 4 status report on world market situation (IDA IV:1) ID 3 transactions other than normal commercial transactions, procedures and modalities (IDA V:5) ID 5 waivers WTO 289 International Dairy Arrangement de facto application (IDA VIII:2) ID 11 deletion from WTO Agreement, Annex 4 ID 12 replacement (IDA 1) ID 1 suspension of minimum prices (IDA VI) ID 6 International Dairy Council activities WTO 238 Committee on Certain Milk Products, suspension ID 10 establishment (IDA VII:1(a)) WTO 238, ID 8 reports WTO 239 rules of procedure ID 9 termination WTO 238 International Meat Council activities WTO 240 Committee on Government Procurement, decision on Derestriction of Documents of the International Meat Agreement (1997) WTO 128 establishment WTO 240 observer status IBM 5 reports WTO 241 rules of procedure IBM 4 termination WTO 240 international minimum standard (TRIPS 1.3), procedural rights (TRIPS 42) and TRIPS 122 International Monetary Fund (IMF)/WTO relationship as fulfilment of WTO mandate to cooperate as appropriate with IMF WTO 96 Members' rights and obligations under IMF and WTO Agreements, effect on WTO 96, GATT 331 conflict or inconsistency between, resolution WTO 96 observer status WTO 96 consultations and exchange of information WTO 96 obligation, whether WTO 97, DSU 342 Declaration on Coherence in Global Economic Policymaking (1994) informal meetings on coherence issues at request of delegations or Director-General WTO 100 joint report on Coherence WTO 99 legal effect WTO 96, GATT 330, 332 Declaration on the Relationship Between the IMF and WTO (1994) WTO 96, GATT 331 documents, circulation and derestriction WTO 128n.171 GATT VIII obligations and WTO 96, GATT 325, 327, 330 International Telecommunications Union (ITU), WTO, Cooperation Agreement with WTO 246, 252, GATS 100 International Trade Centre, support for (Doha Declaration) WTO 64 interpretation of covered agreements, applicable law customary rules of interpretation of public international law [as codified in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969)] TRIMS 33, AD 48, DSU 24-9 in absence of specific provision SCM 388-9 AD 18 AD 536 conflict, avoidance TRIPS 41 DSU 3.2 SPS 3, AD 114n.142, 514, 536 GATT XXIII:1(b)/GPA GATT 604, 606, GPA 12 SG 5.1 SG 178 interpretation of covered agreements, guidelines see also Schedules of Concessions (GATT II), interpretation and clarification conflict, avoidance TRIPS 41-2, 54 consistency with article/agreement as a whole AD 301n.360, DSU 50, 52 effectiveness principle (ut res magis valeat quam pereat/effet utile) GATT 484, 510, AD 51, 415-16, 477, LIC 8, SCM 171n.242, DSU 46-54 meaning to be attributed to every word and phrase WTO 12, GATT 119, 531, AD 343, 570, SCM 189, 435, SG 1, 7, GATS 9, DSU 47, 532 presumption of meaning SCM 181 evolutionary nature of GATT 1994 GATT 556 flexibility/certainty of the law, balance DSU 19 grammar, respect for AG 19 semi-colons, significance AD 112, 115 use of plural form, relevance AD 173, 362n.454, 389 hierarchical relationship between elements in VC 31, whether DSU 25-6 legitimate expectations, relevance WTO 339, GATT 67-9, 82, DSU 45, 68-71 panel reports and GATT 89, DSU 68 multiple authentic languages (VC 33) "and"/"comme" GATT 365, 366, DSU 55-7 meaning which best reconciles texts (VC 33(4)) AG 25 multiple permissible interpretations AD 515 compliance with one permissible interpretation, sufficiency AD 515 narrow/broad interpretation GATT 135, 140 object and purpose GATT 19, 130, 176, 257, 402, 489-90, SPS 35, 85 AD as a whole AD 318 ATC ATC 31 GATT XX(g) GATT 561 GATT XIII:2 GATT 396 preamble as evidence of SCM 4 SG/GATT XIX SG 178 TRIPS TRIPS 1 parties' intentions (VC 31(1)) preamble as reflection of GATT 527, AD 304 same or closely related phrases in different agreements, cross-referencing, role SCM 234-5, 284 security and predictability (DSU 3.2) DSU 19-21 text/plain language AG 19, 44-5, SPS 67, AD 37-8, 49, 54n.55, 98, 250, 392, SCM 94, 180-1, 245, 274, DSU 25-8 exceptional circumstances, relevance SCM 247 interpretation of covered agreements, means AD 6.8/DSU 21.3(c) DSU 429 "any subsequent agreement ... regarding its interpretation or application" (VC 31(3)(a)) GATT 301 Report on Working Party on Accession of the Democratic Republic of the Congo GATT 326 SCM Code (Tokyo Round) WTO 335 "any subsequent practice ... which establishes the agreement of the parties regarding its interpretation" (VC 31(1)(b)) GATT 301, AG 23, AD 1 see also decisions, procedures and customary practices under GATT 1947 (WTO XVI:1) Committee on Anti-Dumping Practices, recommendations as evidence of AD 100n.122 panel reports WTO 336, 337-8, SCM 82, DSU 30 practice of Members, need for discernible pattern DSU 31 scheduling practice AG 25 SCM Code (Tokyo Round) WTO 335 Berne Convention (1971), Articles 11 and 11bis TRIPS 51 context (VC 32) see also relationships within and between agreements customs classification practice DSU 37-8 prior practice, need for consistency DSU 38 customary international trade usage AG 44 dictionaries GATT 486, AG 57, 58, 77, AD 52, 101, 121, 215, 301n.360, 317 nn.387 and 388, 321, 332, 336, 459, SCM 95, 171-3, 175, SG 72, DSU 321, 423, 433, 535, 551 different language in same agreement GATT 367n.554, SCM 181, 212 footnotes to treaty SPS 45, SCM 176-7, 180, 237, DSU 537, 539-40 in dubio mitius principle, as supplementary means of interpretation DSU 40 international tax law principles SCM 410 interpretative notes (Ad articles) GATT 129, 168, 193, 213n.321 other treaties "comparable treaties" GATT 529n.729 MFA ATC 98-9 Treaty of Rome (1958) GATT 99 preamble of agreement under consideration LIC 1, SCM 246 as evidence of object and purpose SCM 4, SG 1 preparatory work (VC 32) DSU 34-6 AD Agreement AD 2.4.2 AD 64n.83 AD 3.4 AD 112 AG 4.2 AG 19 BOP Understanding, footnote 1 GATT 451 GATT XX GATT 525 GATT III GATT 257 Harmonized System of Customs Classification and Explanatory Notes DSU 37 SCM 1 SCM 13 SCM 4 SCM 180 SCM 11 SCM 236 SCM Agreement GATT 293-7, 301-2 working paper, status SCM 36 WTO Agreement GATT 311 same or closely related phrases in different agreements see also countermeasures in case of failure to comply with panel or AB report within specified time-period (SCM 4.10), "appropriate"; order of analysis; relationships within and between agreements; WTO Agreement, conflict between constituent covered agreements (WTO, Annex 1A) AD 3.4/SG 4.2 AD 116 AD 17.6(ii)/DSU 3.2 DSU 76 AG 1(e)/SCM 3.1(a) AG 9 GATT III:2/ATC 6.2 ATC 58 GATT X:2/ATC 6.10 ATC 95, 101, 130 GATT X:3(a)/LIC 1.3 GATT 357 GATT XIX:1(A)/SG 2.1 SG 6 GATT III/SCM 15, footnote 46 SCM 251 SCM 21.2/AD and SPS Agreements SCM 289 same or closely related phrases in same agreement AD 3.4/AD 17.6(i) AD 121 AG 4.2/AG 5 AG 21-2 AG 9.1(a) and (b)/AG 9.1(c) AG 62 AG 9.1(a)/AG 9.1(c) AG 58-60 ATC 6.4/SG 4.2(a) SG 113 GATT VII:2(b)/GATT X:3(a) GATT 346 SCM 3.2/SCM 27.4 SCM 133 SCM 5(c)/SCM 6(3)(c) SCM 196 SCM 6.3(a)/SCM 6.4 SCM 204 SG 2.1/SPG 2.2 SG 48-56 SPS 2.1/SPS 2.4/SPS 3.1/3.2/SPS 3.3 SPS 35 SPS 3.1/TBT 2.4 TBT 16-17, DSU 274 SPS 3.1(a)/SPS 3.1(b) SCM 127-8 SCM 21.3 SCM 238 supplementary means (VC 32) in case of ambiguity DSU 33 other agreements between parties DSU 39 as rule of customary international law DSU 32 interpretation of covered agreements, ordinary meaning GATT 292, 484, 510 "acts" (TRIPS 70.1) TRIPS 154-6 "affecting" (GATS I:1) GATS 5 "all" AD 317 "anti-dumping measure" AD 1 "apply as single unit or on behalf of a member State" (SG 2.1, footnote 1) SG 46 "as a result of unforeseen developments" GATT 486, 508n.685, SG 6 "conforms with the provisions" GATT 509, SG 205 "contingent" (SCM 3.1) SCM 94, 126 "contingent upon the use of domestic over imported goods" (SCM 3.1(b)) SCM 128 "countermeasure" SCM 172, DSU 536 "displace or impede" (SCM 6.3(a)) SCM 202 "equivalent" (DSU 22.4) DSU 514 "establishment" AD 506 "evaluation" AD 121 "export credit" (Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I), item (k)) SCM 417 "fair comparison" AD 42 "filing date" (TRIPS 33) TRIPS 115 "immediately" (SG 12.1) SG 204 "in accordance with" AG 4 "interest rate support" (Illustrative List of Export Subsidies (SCM Annex I), item (k)) SCM 437 "interests" (TRIPS 13) TRIPS 71 "investigation" (SG 3.1) SG 68 "likelihood" SPS 72 "measure" (GATT XXIII:1(b)) DSU 157 "no less favourable treatment" (SG II:1 and XVII:1) GATS 17 "payments" AG 60-1 "proper" AD 506 "provisions of this agreement" (SCM 32.3) GATT 292 "relevant" TBT 14 "serious injury" (SG 4.1(a)) SG 85 "shall include" AD 112 "shall not prevent" (GATT XXIV) GATT 616 "specific action against dumping" AD 57 "specific measures" (DSU 6.2) DSU 133 "statement of available evidence" (SCM 4.2) SCM 143, 145 "subsidy found to exist" (SCM 19.4) SCM 267 "sufficient" SPS 12 "unbiased and objective" AD 509 "unreasonably prejudice" (TRIPS 13) TRIPS 72 interpretation of covered agreements, responsibility for (WTO IX:2) General Council WTO 277-8 request to (1999), response WTO 279 Ministerial Conference WTO 105, 277-8 TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, Declaration on (2001) WTO 280 interpretation of covered agreements, specific terms and phrases "all" (AD 6.8) AD 317 "any measures of the kind" (AG 4.2 and footnote 1) AG 19-20 "have been converted" AG 21 "have been required to be converted" AG 21 "appropriate" (GATT 1947: XXIII:2) DSU 515 "appropriate" (SCM 4.10) SCM 171, 173-7, DSU 543 "basic rationale" (DSU 12.7) DSU 321 "basis for" TBT 16-19 "between" AD 52 "cases" (AD 5.8) AD 227 "c.i.f. import price" (AG 5.1(b)) AG 43-7 "comparable" (AD 2.4.2) AD 61-2, 65, 194 "compliance" (DSU 21.1) DSU 421-2 "contingent" (SCM 3.1): see subsidy, definition (SCM 1) "country" (RO) RO 4 "date of circulation" (DSU 2) DSU 12 "development" (VAL 8.1(b)(iv)) VAL 11 "discrimination" (TRIPS 27.1) TRIPS 88-91 "domestic industry" (AD 3, footnote 9 and AD 4.1) AD 171 "domestic industry" (AD 3.4) AD 109, 174 "domestic producers" (AD 4.1) AD 173-4 "dumped imports" AD 93-4, 108, 135 "effective" (DSU 22.3(b) and (c)) DSU 492 "equivalent" (DSU 21.4) DSU 514-20 "equivalent" (SG 8) SG 189 "financed": see payments on export of agricultural product financed by virtue of governmental action (AG 9.1(c)) "goods" (SCM 1.1(a)(iii)) SCM 33 "products" distinguished SCM 35 "government" (AG 9.1(a)) AG 57 "government agency" (AG 9.1(a)) AG 57 "grant or maintain" (SCM 3.1, footnote 4) SCM 95, 133-6 "grant" (SCM 27.4, footnote 55) AG 332-3, SCM 133-6 "in accordance with", AG 1(a)(ii) AG 3 "include" (AG 4.2, footnote 1) AG 20 "initiated" (AD, footnote 1) AD 210 "injury" (AD 3, footnote 9) AD 420, 424 "laws, regulations and requirements" (GATT III:4) GATT 229 "laws, regulations and requirements" (GATT X) GATT 335-7 "legitimate interests" (TRIPS 30) TRIPS 107-10 "likelihood": see SPS Agreement, risk assessment, need for (SPS 5.1-5.3 and Annex A, para. 4), elements (Annex 1, para. 4), "likelihood" "matter" AD 489 "may" (GATT VI:2) GATT 299 "minimum import price" (AG 4.2, footnote 1) AG 35 "natural person of another Member" (GATS XVII (k)(ii)(2)) GATS 102 "neutral in application and administered in a fair and equitable manner" (LA 1.3)/ "administer in a uniform, impartial and reasonable manner" (GATT X:3(a)), equivalence: see Import Licensing Procedures Agreement, neutrality in application and administration in a fair and equitable manner, need for (LA 1.3) "notify" (AD 5.5) AD 215 "ordinary customs duty" (AG 4.2) AG 25-8 "payments"/"payment-in-kind": see payments on export of agricultural product financed by virtue of governmental action (AG 9.1(c)) "practical" (DSU 22.3(b) and (c)) DSU 492 "prompt" (DSU 21.1) DSU 423-4, 433 "promptly" (AD 6.1.2) AD 257 "provided that" (GATT XXIV:5) GATT 620 "publish" (SG 3.1) SG 72 "reasonable period" (Annex II, para. 3) AD 324, 328-30 "reasonable period" (Annex II, para. 6) AD 563-4 "regulations of commerce" (GATT XXIV:5) GATT 622 "relating to" (GATT XX(g)) GATT 520, 542, 552, 552n.765, 558, 559-64 "remedy" AD 459-60 "restrictions" (ATC 3.1) ATC 23 "should" (AD 2.4) AD 51 "should" (AD, Annex 1(2)) AD 301n.360 "similar" AG 36-7 as comparative concept AG 37 "similar border measures" (AD 4.2, footnote 1) AG 36-40 "this agreement" (SCM 32.3) 2.292-7 "variable import levy" (AD 4.2, footnote 1) AG 33-4 tariff cap, relevance AG 38-9 investigation of conditions for safeguard measures, requirements (SG 3.1/SG 4.2(c)) see also "like or directly competitive product" (SG 2.1/SG 4.1(c)) confidentiality of information (SG 3.2) SG 76-7, 173 DSU 13.1 confidentiality requirements and SG 79, 81 non-confidential summaries (SG 3.2) SG 77 data of an objective and quantifiable nature SG 121-5 methodology, absence of provision SG 106, 121, 124, 138 representativeness SG 103-6, 121-2 evaluation of all factors AD 504n.608 factors not listed, right/obligation to examine SG 131-2, DSU 297 obligation of competent authorities to seek information additional to that supplied by interested parties AD 504n.608, SG 68-70 interested parties notification to SG 68 opportunity to respond to presentations of other parties SG 68 opportunity to submit evidence and views SG 68 published report SG 71-2 absence of claim relating to, effect on possibility of SG 4 claims SG 78 confidential information (AG 3.2) and SG 76-7 key elements, unforeseen developments SG 73 legislation and technical report as SG 71 "publish"/"make publicly available", equivalence SG 72 investigation of dumping (AD 5)/subsidy (SCM 11) Decision on Implementation-Related Issues and Concerns (Doha) AD 176 evidence, sufficiency (AD 5.2) AD 87, 177-8 AD 2 and AD 177-8 evidence of causal link (AD 4.2(iv)) evidence for purposes of preliminary or final determination distinguished AD 185 "information" and analysis distinguished AD 185-6 evidence of dumping, AD 2 and AD 180-1, 194-5 evidence of injury, AD 2 and AD 182-3 "simple assertion, unsubstantiated by relevant evidence" AD 206 raw numerical detail AD 187 evidence, sufficiency, investigating authority's obligation to examine accuracy and adequacy (AD 5.3) AD 87 AD 5.2 distinguished AD 190-3 AD 5.7 and: see investigation of dumping (AD 5)/subsidy (SCM 11), evidence, sufficiency, simultaneous consideration of evidence of dumping and injury (AD 5.7) determination of sufficiency as satisfaction of AD 5.2 requirements AD 189 "dumping", AD 2 and: see investigation of dumping (AD 5)/subsidy (SCM 11), evidence, sufficiency (AD 5.2), evidence of dumping, AD 2 and "examine" AD 203-6 "injury", threat of, AD 3.7 requirements, relevance AD 196-8 evidence, sufficiency, simultaneous consideration of evidence of dumping and injury (AD 5.7), initiation of investigation in absence of sufficient evidence (AD 5.3) and AD 208, 222 "initiated" (AD, footnote 1) AD 210 notification to government of exporting Member (AD 5.5) "before proceeding to initiate", date of initiation AD 210-11 "before proceeding to legislate", national legislative provisions, relevance AD 212 breach by other party, relevance AD 213 content AD 216 failure to comply harmless error and AD 217-21, 221, 260 timely objection, relevance AD 218, 260 form of notification AD 215 public notice and explanation of determinations (AD 12) distinguished AD 243 timing, Committee on Anti-Dumping Practices recommendation on AD 214 object and purpose (SCM, Part V) SCM 267-8 preparatory work (VC 32) SCM 236 Secretariat Note for the Uruguay Round Negotiating Group on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (1987), relevance SCM 236 rejection of application (AD 5.8) applicability prior to initiation of investigation AD 224-6 "cases", anti-dumping duty assessment (AD 9.3), relevance AD 227 de minimis test, anti-dumping duty assessment (AD 9.3) distinguished AD 228, 383-6 negligible import volumes, time periods for determining, Periods of Data Collection for Anti-Dumping Investigations, ACP Recommendation Concerning AD 230 procedural nature AD 223 de minimus standard, applicability SCM 231-8 developing country Members (SCM 27.10) SCM 361 grounds SCM 230 limitation of provisions to investigation phase SCM 231 investigation of dumping, evidentiary rules (AD 6) accuracy of information, authorities' obligation to satisfy themselves (AD 6.6) as responsibility of authorities AD 296 "satisfy themselves" AD 294 substantive relevance distinguished AD 295 "ample opportunity to present in writing all evidence" (AD 6.1), extension "upon cause shown ... whenever practicable" AD 324 communication of full text of application (AD 6.1.3), "as soon as an investigation has been initiated" AD 259 confidential information (AD 6.5) access to information provided by another interested party (AD 6.1.1/AD 6.1.2) and AD 258 "good cause shown" AD 258, 286 information "by nature" confidential, applicability to AD 286 as responsibility of party submitting information AD 286 justification for request, relevance AD 290 non-confidential summaries (AD 6.5.1) as balance between protection of confidentiality and need to ensure opportunity to defend interests AD 343, 351 "not susceptible of summary", need for reasons AD 288 purpose AD 287 public notice of determinations (AD 12) and AD 344, 373 right to rely on AD 343-5, 451 unwarranted request for confidentiality, right to disregard information (AD 6.5.2) AD 344n.436 cooperation, standard, good faith and TRIPS 43 determination of individual margins of dumping (AD 6.10) general rule/deviation from AD 360 individual margin for each known exporter or producer AD 362 exporter or producer not originally selected (AD 6.10.2) AD 362 difficulties in supplying information, due account/assistance in case of (AD 6.13) AD 338, 349 facts available to investigating authority, right of resort to (AD 6.8/Annex II) additional information, right to request (Annex II, para. 1) AD 311 adverse facts |
