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SUBJECT INDEX

M

   Index:  A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  Z

The texts reproduced here do not have the legal standing of the original documents which are entrusted and kept at the WTO Secretariat in Geneva.


Macau, China, as WTO member

 

maritime services

MFN treatment (GATS II), exemption GATS 32

progressive liberalization (GATS XIX) and GATS 114

 

Maritime Services, Negotiating Group on, establishment GATS 138

 

market access (AG 4)

concessions and commitments (AG 4.1)

consistency with GATT XIII GATT 450, DSU 908

reform process, as essential part of AG 126

measures required to be converted into ordinary customs duties (AG 4.2 and footnote 1)

border measures

distorting effect AG 40

ordinary customs duties extinguished AG 40

elimination of quantitative restrictions (GATT XI) and AG 31

failure to convert by due date, effect AG 19

GATT II:1(b) and: see Schedules of Concessions (GATT II), ordinary customs duties in excess of those provided for in Schedule (GATT II:1(b))

interpretation AG 19: see also interpretation of covered agreements, specific terms and phrases for individual phrases

special safeguards (AG 5.1) and AG 212

subsequent practice (VCLT 32(3)(b)) AG 23, DSU 31

measure and result of measure distinguished AG 29

State trading enterprises (GATT XVII) GATT 487

timing of obligation AG 19, 30

object and purpose AG 16

 

Market Access Committee

annual/periodic reports WTO 109

establishment WTO 72, 78, 107

non-tariff measures, decisions relating to GATT 414

rules of procedure WTO 73, 108

terms of reference WTO 107

 

market access (GATS XVI)

electronic commerce and GATS 68

excluded measures (GATS XVI:2)

quotas, exclusion (GATS XVI:2(a), (b) and (c)) GATS 712

temporal qualifications GATS 6970

time-frame, need for (GATS XX:1(d)) GATS 70

 

market access for non-agricultural products (Doha Declaration, para. 16): see also Market Access Committee

framework for establishing modalities (July package (Annex B))

Negotiating Group on Market Access

establishment WTO 127

role WTO 127

 

marketing costs: see costs of marketing exports (AG 9.1(d))

 

marks of origin (GATT IX), GATT practice GATT 362

 

Marrakesh Ministerial Conference/Declaration

Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption and Application of Standards TBT 39

DSU review WTO 169

 

material injury: see determination of injury (AD 3); SCM Agreement, determination of injury (SCM 15); transitional safeguards (ATC 6)

 

Mauritius, preferential tariff treatment for least-developed country Members, notification GATT 60

 

mediation, request for in absence of dispute (DSU 5) DSU 1523

 

Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG) Trade Agreement, Enabling Clause and GATT 33

 

membership: see WTO, membership

 

MERCOSUR Ad Hoc Arbitral Tribunal

proceedings before as impediment (estoppel) to DSU proceedings DSU 79, 248, 948

relevance of decisions in DSU proceedings DSU 23

 

MERCOSUR Agreement

Enabling Clause and GATT 34

Working Party on, terms of reference GATT 38, 701

 

Mexico — Corn Syrup (Panel), WT/DS132/R and Corr.1, DSR 2000:III

consultation and dispute settlement (AD 17)

legal basis for consultation/claim (AD 17.3/AD 17.4), “measure” (AD 17.4), provisional measures AD 615

“matter”, referral to DSB (AD 17.4), identification of measure at issue, need for (DSU 6.2) AD 611

request for establishment of panel, requirements additional to DSU 6.2 AD 620

consultations (DSU 4), confidentiality (DSU 4.6), third party participation and DSU 139

determination of injury (AD 3)

domestic production of like product, assessment of effect on (AD 3.6), sectoral analysis, right to AD 186

evaluation of injury factors (AD 3.4)

all relevant economic factors and indices, need to examine

eventual relevance of factor, relevance AD 149

factors not involving material injury, right to consider AD 195

factors not listed in AD 3.4, right to consider AD 154

consideration of each factor, need to be “apparent” in final determination AD 149

“injury” (AG 3, footnote 9), domestic industry (AD 4) and AD 106, 222

threat of material injury (AD 3.7)

AD 3.4 factors and AD 1956

establishment “based on facts, not merely allegation, conjecture or remote possibility”, “likelihood of substantially increased importation” (AD 3.7(i)) AD 193

“domestic industry” (AD 4), “injury” (AG 3, footnote 9) and AD 106, 222

investigation of dumping (AD 5)/subsidy (SCM 11)

evidence, sufficiency (AD 5.2)

evidence of causal link (AD 5.2(iv))

evidence for purposes of preliminary or final determination distinguished AD 238

“information” and analysis distinguished AD 239

evidence, sufficiency, investigating authority’s obligation to examine accuracy and adequacy (AD 5.3), “examine” AD 262

rejection of application (AD 5.8), procedural nature AD 283

legislation as such, right to challenge (WTO XVI:4), AD 17.3/AD 17.4 AD 611

panel reports, legal status, reports reversed by AB AD 257 n. 337

provisional measures (AD 7), duration (AD 7.4), claim relating to as claim relating to definitive antidumping duty (AD 10) AD 61516

public notice of initiation of investigation (AD 12.1), separate report (AD 12.1.1), summary of factors (AD 12.1.1(iv)) AD 5545

public notice of preliminary or final determination (AD 12.2), “all relevant information on the matters of fact and law and reasons” for measures (AD 12.2.2) AD 149

relationships within and between agreements, AD 7.4/AD 17.2 AD 61516

request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2), nullification or impairment, indication of (AD 17.5(i)) AD 6201

standard/powers of review (panel) (AD 17.6)

assessment of the facts (AD 17.6(i)), AD 5.3 (sufficiency of evidence), applicability to AD 257

investigating authorities’ establishment of the facts (AD 17.6(i)), “proper” AD 257

third party rights, confidentiality (DSU 4.6) and DSU 139

 

Mexico — Corn Syrup (Article 21.5 — US) (AB), WT/DS132/AB/RW, DSR 2001:XIII

determination of injury (AD 3)

threat of material injury (AD 3.7)

establishment “based on facts not merely allegation conjecture or remote possibility” AD 199

a “clearly foreseen and imminent” change of circumstances, need for AD 199

due process (dispute settlement proceedings), panel reports, rationale (DSU 12.7) and DSU 4089

good faith (including pacta sunt servanda principle (VCLT 26)), objections to panel procedures DSU 938

interpretation of covered agreements

means, dictionaries DSU 408

specific terms and phrases, “basic rationale” (DSU 12.7) DSU 408

panel reports

rationale, need for (DSU 12.7) DSU 408

Article 21.5 proceedings and DSU 409

direct quotation from previous report, desirability DSU 408

sufficiency DSU 408

reference to previous panel report (DSU 21.5) DSU 408

surety and predictability of WTO obligations (DSU 3.2), aid to DSU 408

preliminary rulings on

panel’s obligation to determine jurisdictional issues DSU 247, 289

timing of objections DSU 980

request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2)

consultations, indication as to whether held, request for Article 21.5 arbitration and DSU 644

fruitfulness of action (DSU 3.7), determination by Member DSU 91

review of implementation of DSB rulings (DSU 21.5), DSU 6.2 procedures, applicability DSU 644

standard/powers of review (panel) (AD 17.6)

interpretation of relevant provisions of AD (AD 17.6(ii)), assessment of the facts (AD 17.6(i)) and, cumulative effect AD 646

investigating authorities’ establishment of the facts (AD 17.6(i)), “proper” AD 199

standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11)

objections, requirements, opportunity to cure procedural defect and DSU 938, 980

“objective assessment of the facts”, de novo review, exclusion AD 199

preliminary ruling on, obligation DSU 247, 289

Working Procedures (panel) (DSU 12.1 and Appendix 3 (WP)), objections, requirements, good faith DSU 938

 

Mexico — Corn Syrup (Article 21.5 — US) (Panel), WT/DS132/RW, DSR 2001:XIII

determination of injury (AD 3)

threat of material injury (AD 3.7)

establishment “based on facts, not merely allegation, conjecture or remote possibility”, “likelihood of substantially increased importation” (AD 3.7(i)) AD 193

“material injury would occur” / “consequent impact” AD 1946

as responsibility of authorities AD 199, 217

 

Mexico — Telecoms (Panel), WT/DS204/R, DSR 2004:IV

developing country Members

panel reports, need for specific reference to form in which account has been taken of special needs (DSU 12.11) DSU 416

telecommunications, right to place reasonable conditions on GATS 166

GATS Agreement

GATS Agreement, “public long-distance voice telephone services” (UN 1991 Provisional Central Product Classification) GATS 10

relevant factors (GATS I:2(a)), supplier’s place of operation or presence GATS 8

“trade in services” (GATS I:2) (cross-border trade)

commercial presence, sufficiency (GATS I:2(c)) GATS 14, 93

relevant factors (GATS I:2(a))

degree of interaction between suppliers GATS 12

links to another operator GATS 13

ownership and control of infrastructure to supply service GATS 911

interpretation of covered agreements

guidelines, “special meaning” (VCLT 31(4)) DSU 32

means

“any subsequent agreement … regarding its interpretation or application” (VCLT 31(3)(a)), Explanatory Note for GATS negotiations, whether DSU 41

“any subsequent practice … which establishes the agreement of the parties regarding its interpretation” (VCLT 31(1)(b)), Explanatory Note for GATS negotiations, whether DSU 41

preparatory work (VCLT 32), Explanatory Note for GATS negotiations, whether DSU 41

ordinary meaning

“cost-oriented rates” (Reference Paper on Basic Telecommunications) GATS 98100

“shall apply to all measures” (Annex on Basic Telecommunications (GATS)) GATS 152

market access (GATS XVI)

excluded measures (GATS XVI:2)

quotas, exclusion (GATS XVI:2(a), (b) and (c)) GATS 712

temporal qualifications GATS 6970

time-frame, need for (GATS XX:1(d)) GATS 70

municipal law, as justification for failure to fulfil international obligations, exclusion (VCLT 27) GATS 835

panel reports, developing country Members and (DSU 12.11) DSU 416

Schedules of Specific Commitments (GATS XX)

non-performance, exclusion of municipal law as justification (VCLT 27) GATS 835

required information (GATS XX:1), time-frame for implementation (GATS XX:1(d)) GATS 70, 1203

treaty status GATS 85

telecommunications

cross-border trade, relevant factors (GATS I:2(a))

commercial presence, sufficiency (GATS I:2(c)) GATS 14, 93

degree of interaction between suppliers GATS 12

links to another operator GATS 13

ownership and control of infrastructure to supply service GATS 911

supplier’s place of operation or presence GATS 8

telecommunications, Annex on Basic Telecommunications (GATS)

access and use (Section 5)

“any service supplier of any other member … for a service included in its schedule” (Section 5(a)) GATS 153

by scheduled suppliers of basic telecommunications GATS 1524

“conditions” (Section 5(e)) GATS 162

developing country Members’ right to place reasonable conditions on (Section 5(g)) GATS 166

interrelationship between Section 5(a) and Section 5(b)-(f) GATS 1556

“necessary” (Section 5(e)) GATS 163

“reasonable and non-discriminatory” terms and conditions (Section 5(a)) GATS 155

“reasonable” (Section 5(a)) GATS 1589

“shall apply to all measures” (Section 2(a)) GATS 152

“subject to paragraphs (e) and (f)” GATS 160

“terms” (Section 5(a)) GATS 157

Reference Paper on Basic Telecommunications and GATS 167, DSU 915

“shall ensure”/obligation (Section 5(b)) GATS 161

unscheduled service, prevention (Section 5(e)(iii)) GATS 165

telecommunications, Reference Paper on Basic Telecommunications (GATS XVIII)

Annex on Basic Telecommunications and GATS 167

“anti-competitive practices” (Section 1.2)

cross-subsidization GATS 83

horizontal price-fixing GATS 812

practices not listed under Section 1.2 GATS 823

practices required by domestic law relevance GATS 83-6

proportionate return system GATS 88

setting of uniform price GATS 87

competitive safeguards (Section 1.1) GATS 801

“appropriate measures” GATS 89

“major supplier” and GATS 81

interconnection (Section 2)

“cost-oriented rates” (Section 2.2(b))

aggregate price for domestic use/price for international use comparison, validity GATS 1034

“having regard to economic feasibility” GATS 102

incremental cost methodologies and GATS 100

international grey market rates, relevance GATS 105

ordinary meaning GATS 98100

“reasonable” GATS 101

cross-border supply, applicability to GATS 914

“where specific commitments undertaken” (Section 2.1) GATS 90

“major supplier” (definitions)

“ability to affect the terms of participation” GATS 96

competitive safeguards (Section 1.1) and GATS 81

“control over essential facilities” GATS 97

relevant market, relevance GATS 95

“use of its position in the market” GATS 97

WTO Agreement, obligation to ensure conformity of domestic laws, regulations and administrative procedures (WTO XVI:4), non-performance of obligations under covered agreements, exclusion of municipal law as justification (VCLT 27) GATS 835

 

MFA (Multi-fibre Agreement) measures, relevance ATC 1023, TBT 23

 

MFN treatment (GATS II) GATS 2033

determination of violation, requirements

aims and effects test GATT 132, GATS 28

analysis of evidence GATS 23

Exemptions, Annex on

Procedures for the Certification of Terminations, Reductions and Rectifications GATS 126

review (Annex, para. 3) GATS 146

review (Annex, para. 4) GATS 147

termination of exemption period (Annex para 7), notification format GATS 149

financial services, exemption (GATS:Fifth Protocol) GATS 31

judicial and administrative assistance, exclusion GATS 1, 20

“like service and service supplier” (GATS II:1), wholesale transactions GATS 267

maritime transport services, exemption

Decision on Maritime Transport Services (1996) GATS 32

negotiations GATS 32

national treatment (GATS XVII) distinguished GATS 24

relationships within and between agreements, GATS I:1/GATS II/XVII GATS 6, 22

telecommunications, exemption GATS 33

“treatment no less favourable” (GATS II:1), de facto discrimination GATS 24

vertical integration/exclusive distribution arrangements, effect GATS 25

 

MFN treatment (GATT I:1)

“accorded immediately and unconditionally to the like product”

affiliation with designated local manufacturer/importer requirement and GATT 1920

conditional advantage and “advantage accorded unconditionally” distinguished GATT 21

differential treatment on the basis of origin of product and GATT 18, 23

local content requirement, relevance GATT 18

order of analysis GATT 11

private contractual arrangements, relevance GATT 18

“unconditionally” GATT 24

“advantage”

allocation of tariff quotas GATT 13

any advantage … granted … to any product” GATT 12

GATT practice GATT 14

all other contracting parties”, regional trade agreements (GATT XXIV:5) and GATT 22, 27, 66

anti-dumping and countervailing duties (GATT VI) and GATT 63, 341

customs duties and tax benefits as (GATT III:2) GATT 68

de facto discrimination GATT 10

findings under GATT III:4 and XX, relevance GATT 61

 GATT 1947 practice GATT 62

“like product”: see “like product” (GATT I)

as non-violation claim “benefit” (GATT XXIII:1(b)) GATT 659 n. 935

Waiver on Preferential Tariff Treatment for LDCs (1999) WTO 97

adoption and text GATT 58

notification procedure GATT 59

 

MFN treatment (TRIPS 4), “less favourable treatment”, offset, applicability to all trademark owners requirement TRIPS 289

 

Millennium Round, failure to agree on WTO 37

 

minimum import price: see interpretation of covered agreements, specific terms and phrases, “minimum import price” (AG 4.2, footnote 1)

 

Ministerial Conference (WTO IV:1): see also Cancun Ministerial Conference (2003); Doha Declaration; Doha Round, decisions; Geneva Ministerial Conference; Geneva Ministerial Conference/Declaration; Seattle Ministerial Conference (1999); Singapore Ministerial Conference/ Declaration (1996)

decisions: see also Notification Obligations and Procedures, Working Group on

ACP-EC Partnership Agreement: see ACP-EC Partnership Agreement

Implementation-Related Issues and Concerns: see Decision on Implementation-Related Issues and Concerns

Procedures for Extensions under Article 27.4 of the SCM Agreement for Certain Developing Country Members: see developing country Members (SCM 27), phase out/standstill obligation (SCM 27.4), extension of transition period

Transitional Regime for the EC Autonomous Tariff Rate Quotas on Imports of Bananas: see Bananas, Decision on Transitional Regime for the EC Autonomous Tariff Rate Quotas on Imports of (Doha)

frequency of meetings WTO 3440

General Council’s authority to act on behalf of WTO 49

powers

accession, decisions on WTO 41

adoption of amendments WTO 41

allocation of powers of Contracting Parties acting jointly in the GATT to WTO organs WTO 44

appointment of Director-General WTO 41

balance of payments of payments, procedures in relation to WTO 42

interpretation of WTO/Multilateral Trade Agreements WTO 41, 15960

TRIPS Agreement, extension of non-applicability of non-violation complaints WTO 43

waivers WTO 41

rules of procedure, adoption WTO 46, 48

 

Modalities Paper: see Agriculture Agreement (AG), Modalities Paper and

 

modification of Schedules (GATT XXVIII)

applicability of GATT I and XIII GATT 67, 85, 448, 7312

applicability of GATT XI and GATT 396

GATT practice GATT 734

Understanding on the Interpretation of, review (paragraph 1) GATT 733

waivers (GATT II) and GATT 113

 

monopolies and exclusive service providers (GATS VIII)

electronic commerce GATS 56

notification format GATS 57

 

Morocco, preferential tariff treatment for least-developed country Members, notification GATT 60

 

Movement of Natural Persons, Negotiating Group on, establishment GATS 138

 

Movement of Natural Persons Supplying Services under the Agreement (GATS, Annex), measures relating to the entry and stay of natural persons GATS 150

 

multiple appeals (ABWP 23), joinder DSU 837, 869

 

multiple complainants (DSU 9)

Article 22.6 arbitration and DSU 766

harmonization of panels and timetables (DSU 9.3), joint meeting with experts DSU 305

prompt and satisfactory resolution of disputes, Members’ right to (DSU 3) and, joint meeting with experts DSU 305

single panel, “whenever feasible” (DSU 9.1) DSU 294

ordinary meaning DSU 294

separate reports (DSU 9.2) DSU 296302

panel’s discretion DSU 299

structure DSU 3002

timeliness of request DSU 2978

third party participation in panel proceedings initiated by another complainant DSU 3048

 

multiple panels/same complainant/same dispute

possibility of DSU 154

separate reports DSU 302

 

municipal law

characterization of transactions, appropriateness as applicable law DSU 364

as evidence of

compliance with international obligations DSU 3556, 363, 452

Certain German Interests in Polish Upper Silesia DSU 355

determination as legal issue DSU 452

interpretation of legislation distinguished DSU 3556, 359 n. 550, 365

state practice DSU 355

as fact for purposes of international adjudication AD 420 n. 559, DSU 3556, 358

decisions of municipal courts, applicability DSU 359

unfinished proceedings, relevance DSU 359

legislative history, relevance DSU 360

right of panel/AB to examine consistency with WTO law DSU 362

incorporation of international SPS standard SPS 59

as justification for failure to fulfil international obligations, exclusion (VCLT 27) DSU 357

 

mutually agreed/acceptable solution to matters raised formally (DSU 3.6), notifications to DSB and relevant Councils and Committees as of 31 December 2004 DSU 88

 

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