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SUBJECT INDEX

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The texts reproduced here do not have the legal standing of the original documents which are entrusted and kept at the WTO Secretariat in Geneva.

NAFTA, Working Party on, establishment WTO 179, 181, GATS 39

national treatment: see national treatment, exceptions (GATT III:8); national treatment, general principle (GATT III:1); national treatment, tax discrimination (GATT III:2); national treatment (TRIPS 3);, see also national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4); national treatment, services and service suppliers (GATS XVII)

national treatment, exceptions (GATT III:8)

payment of subsidies exclusively to domestic producers (GATT II:8(b)) GATT 257-8, 259

expenditure of revenue by government, limitation to GATT 257

SCM Agreement and GATT 258, 279-82

national treatment, general principle (GATT III:1)

applicability

measures imposed at the time or point of importation ("internal measures") (GATT Ad Art. III)

          GATT practice GATT 105

          imposition on like domestic product requirement GATT 101-2, 365

          quantitative restrictions (GATT XI) distinguished GATT 270-2, 365-7, 382

          State trading enterprises and GATT 104

products not subject of tariff concession under GATT II GATT 98

competition law compared GATT 99

as context for interpretation of GATT III:2-5 GATT 118-21, 211, 212

interpretation of GATT III as a whole and

consistency of interpretation, need for GATT 215

effectiveness principle GATT 119

GATT III:1 as context GATT 119

interpretation of WTO Agreement as a whole as a whole and GATT 276

publication and administration of regulations (GATT X) and GATT 353

"so as to afford protection" GATT 94

see also national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4), "so as to afford protection"; national treatment, tax discrimination (GATT III:2), "so as to afford protection"

equality of competitive conditions GATT 96, 97

          GATT practice GATT 115

          protection of competitive relationship GATT 113-14

GATS II and XVII distinguished GATS 17

omission from GATT III:2, first sentence, relevance GATT 130

national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4)

"affecting" GATT 236-9

actual impact, relevance GATT 236

GATS 1:1 compared GATT 239

GATT practice GATT 240

hurricane licences GATT 248

licensing procedures GATT 235

nature of advantage, relevance GATT 238

purpose of measure, relevance GATT 235

anti-dumping (GATT VI) and GATT 264-8, 266-8, 314

applicability to direct taxes [on individual] GATT 280

burden of proof GATT 209-10

determination of violation, requirements GATT 207-8

General Exceptions (GATT XX) and GATT 253-4, 531-3, 561, DSU 7

general principle (GATT III:1) and GATT 118, 120, 208, 211, 235

"laws, regulations or requirements"

identity of measure, relevance GATT 366

"measures" (GATT XXIII:1(b)) distinguished GATT 229

"less favourable treatment"

discriminatory system for allocation of import licences GATT 85, 103, 261

equality of competitive conditions as test GATT 241-4, 247

formal differentiation in treatment, relevance GATT 246-9

grouping approach GATT 244

market effect as test GATT 249

as requirement for violation finding GATT 216

"like product": see "like product" (GATT III:2 and III:4)

methodology of comparison, individual transactions basis GATT 196, 251

private contractual arrangements, relevance GATT 14n.13

"requirements"

GATT practice GATT 234

local content requirement GATT 237

non-mandatory measures GATT 230, 231, 232-3

private action GATT 231

ratio requirement (net sales value of locally-produced product/locally sold product) GATT 237

"restrictions made effective through state-trading organizations" (Ad Articles XI, XI, XIII, XIV and XVIII) GATT 367

"so as to afford protection" GATT 208

national treatment, services and service suppliers (GATS XVII)

determination of violation, requirements

aims and effects test GATT 110, GATS 64

          GATT practice GATT 112

electronic commerce GATS 62

foreign character of services (SG XVII, footnote 10), relevance GATS 65

"like service and service supplier" (GATS II:1), wholesale transactions GATS 63

national treatment, tax discrimination (GATT III:2)

see also directly competitive or substitutable products (GATT III:2); "like product" (GATT III:2 and III:4)

applicability, indirect taxes [taxes on products] GATT 280

"charge of any kind" GATT 151

GATT practice GATT 152

customary rules of interpretation of public international law and GATT 200

determination of violation, requirements

aims and effects test/policy purpose GATT 106-11, 162-4

burden of proof GATT 133, 170-1

directly competitive or substitutable product: see directly competitive or substitutable products (GATT III:2)

duration of tax differential, relevance GATT 158

economic impact GATT 97, 154

"like product" and "in excess of" GATT 130-2

as separate elements GATT 169

tax on imported product in excess of domestic product GATT 153-64

          "in excess of" GATT 153

          "not similarly taxed" distinguished GATT 192-4

"directly or indirectly" GATT 165-6

discrimination or disguised restriction of trade resulting from inconsistency of SPS measure (SPS 5.5) distinguished SPS 111-12

first and second sentences distinguished GATT 123-7, 169, 213-14

GATT practice GATT 100

general principle (GATT III:1) and GATT 119, 121, 130-2

Interpretative Note Ad Article III:2, relevance GATT 129, 168, 193, 213n.321

methodology of comparison

dissimilar taxation of some imported products GATT 195

"grouping" approach GATT 185, 187

individual transactions basis GATT 154-6, 188, 195-6, 251

"not similarly taxed" GATT 169

"so as to afford protection" distinguished GATT 197

threshold/de minimis differential GATT 192-3

object and purpose GATT 176

"so as to afford protection" GATT 169

as application of general principle (GATT III:1) GATT 132

design and structure of measure as evidence of protective application GATT 143, 198, 203, 205

          GATT practice GATT 206

intention, relevance GATT 202-5

necessity of tax, relevance GATT 205

"not similarly taxed" distinguished GATT 197

tariff roles as evidence of GATT 201

tax differentials as evidence of protective application GATT 199

national treatment (TRIPS 3)

applicability (TRIPS 3.1, footnote 3) TRIPS 18

developing country Members' right to delay application (TRIPS 65.2), applicability TRIPS 142

"less favourable treatment"

GATT III:4 compared TRIPS 19, 27

GATT practice TRIPS 27

offset

          applicability to all trademark owners requirement TRIPS 20-1

          discretionary administrative procedure as AIR 22-3

protection of trade-related property rights and TRIPS 15-23

TRIPS 20 (other requirements) and TRIPS 18, 81

Negotiating Group on Basic Communications, establishment GATS 95

Negotiating Group on Basic Telecommunications, establishment WTO 179, 182, GATS 76, 95

Negotiating Group on Maritime Services, establishment GATS 95

Negotiating Group on Market Access: see market access for non-agricultural products (Doha Declaration), Negotiating Group on Market Access

Negotiating Group on Natural Persons, establishment WTO 179, 182, GATS 95

Negotiating Group on Rules

establishment WTO 70, 71, 72, 80

responsibilities WTO 71

anti-dumping WTO 80-1

regional trade agreements (GATT XXIV:5) (RTAs) WTO 80-1

subsidies WTO 80-1

timetable WTO 80

negotiations concerning multilateral trade relations, WTO as forum for WTO 15-92

"further negotiation", Geneva Ministerial Conference recommendations WTO 15

"New Strategy for WTO Technical Cooperation for Capacity Building, Growth and Integration", endorsement (Doha Declaration) WTO 64

New Zealand

Enabling Clause notifications

GSP schemes GATT 35

special treatment of least-developed country Members GATT 43

NGOs (non-governmental organizations)

General Council relations with WTO 254-6

observer status WTO 256

non-actionable subsidies (SCM 8)

arbitration procedures (SCM 8.5) SCM 220

consultations and authorized remedies (SCM 9), expiry (SCM 31) SCM 222

Decision on Implementation-Related Issues and Concerns (Doha) and WTO 55, SCM 215

expiry (SCM 31) SCM 214

notifications (SCM 8.3)

Format for Notifications (1995) WTO 171, SCM 217

          legal requirements (SCM 8.2), effect on SCM 216

Format for Updates of Notifications (1997) SCM 218

non-discriminatory administration of quantitative restrictions (GATT XIII)

see also quantitative restrictions, elimination (GATT XI)

administrative distinctions, relevance GATT 395

allocation of quotas to Members having a substantial interest (GATT XIII:2(d)) GATT 404

allocation of quotas to Members not having a substantial interest (GATT XIII:2(d)) GATT 402-3

allocation of tariff/import quotas to non-Members GATT 400, 404-5

"representative period" GATT 402n.590

allocation to Members not having a substantial interest (GATT XIII:1) GATT 397, 401

compensation negotiations (GATT XVIII) and GATT 411, 649

concessions on agricultural products and (AG 21.1): see Agreement on Agriculture (AG), GATT 1994 and (AG 21.1), market access concessions and commitments (AG 4.1) and

distribution of trade as close as possible to expected shares in absence of restrictions as aim (GATT XIII:2, chapeau) GATT 399-400

elimination of QRs (GATT XI) and GATT 386

GATT practice GATT 398, 406, 412

inclusion of inconsistent allocations in Schedule of Concessions, relevance GATT 89

market access (AG 4.1) and: see market access (AG 4), concessions and commitments (AG 4.1), consistency with GATT XIII

object and purpose (GATT XIII:2) GATT 396, 402

publication and administration of trade regulations (GATT X:3(a)) GATT 345-9

"reasonable" (risk of disclosure of confidential information) GATT 348

safeguard measures (SG 5) and: see safeguard measures (SG/GATT XIX), application of measures (SG 5), non-discrimination (GATT XIII) and

non-discriminatory administration of quantitative restrictions (GATT XIII), exceptions (GATT XIV)

GATT practice GATT 417

State trading organizations and: see State trading enterprises (GATT XVII), "restrictions made effective through state-trading organizations" (Ad Articles XI, XI, XIII, XIV and XVIII)

non-retroactivity of treaties (VC 28)

see also retroactivity; retroactivity (provisional measures and anti-dumping duties) (AD 10); retroactivity (trade measures) (ATC 6.10)

in absence of different intention DSU 61-3

continuing measures DSU 62

pre-existing rights, countervailing duties (SCM 32.3) GATT 292, 301, SCM 374-5

non-tariff measures: see quantitative restrictions, elimination (GATT XI)

non-violation claims (GATT XXIII:1(b))

see also nullification or impairment (GATT XXIII)

"any measure" GATT 573

government measures, limitation to GATT 587

measure currently in force, limitation to GATT 588

non-binding action GATT 586

non-commercial measure GATT 579

"benefit"/legitimate expectation of improved market access as DSU 69

arising out of successive rounds of negotiation GATT 589-92

customary international law and GATT 604, 606, GPA 12

MFN treatment as alternative GATT 589n.814

as norm GATT 589-92

reasonable anticipation and GATT 593-9, 602

resulting from negotiations GATT 604-6, GPA 11-12

burden of proof GATT 582-5, DSU 576

DSU 26.1 and DSU 69

as exceptional remedy GATT 573, 575-6

GATT XXIII:1(a) distinguished GATT 573

GATT practice 2, GATT 610

Government Procurement Agreement claims distinguished GATT 604-6, GPA 11

"measure"

affecting the competitive relationship, GATT III:4 compared GATT 245

government action, limitation to DSU 156-8

"law, regulations or requirements" (GATT III:4) compared GATT 229

necessary elements GATT 580-1

nullification or impairment, need for GATT 601-3

causality and GATT 601-2

competitive relationship as key factor GATT 601

object and purpose GATT 577

non-violation claims (GPA XXII:2) GPA 10-17

burden of proof GPA 14

table of disputes GPA 19

Norway

Enabling Clause notifications

GSP schemes GATT 35

special treatment of least-developed country Members GATT 43

notice of appeal, requirements (AB/WP 20(2))

due process and DSU 382, 385, 600

replacement DSU 385

statement of allegation of error on issues of law/legal interpretations (AB/WP 20(2)(d)) DSU 383

identification of facts requiring panel to draw inferences DSU 381

indication of appropriate factual or legal inferences DSU 381

legal argument in support of claim distinguished DSU 381, 384

withdrawal of appeal (AB/WP 30), conditioned on right to refile notice of appeal in accordance with WP 20 DSU 386-8

notification formats WTO 171, SCM 217-18, 308-9, 362, 364, SG 199, 200, 217-18, 235, 237-8, GATS 29, 35, 41, 47, 50, 54, 58, 81, 105, TRIPS 25, 31

non-binding nature SG 220

notification obligations and procedures

AD Agreement: see investigation of dumping (AD 5)/subsidy (SCM 11), notification to government of exporting Member (AD 5.5); investigation of dumping, evidentiary rules (AD 6), notification to all interested parties of essential facts under consideration (AD 6.9); SCM Agreement, notification obligations

consultations (DSU 4.4) DSU 95

developing country Members, programme of assistance WTO 171

GPA Agreement GPA 23

IBM III IBM 2

IDA III ID 2

IDA VI:4 ID 7

import licensing: see Import Licensing Procedures Agreement, notification obligations (LIC 1.4 and 5)

marks of origin WTO 171

non-actionable subsidies: see non-actionable subsidies (SCM 8), notifications (SCM 8.3)

non-tariff measures WTO 171

notification of enquiry/contact points (GATS III:4/GATS IV:2) GATS 30, 32-3

notification of enquiry/contact points (TRIPS 69) TRIPS 152

PSI Agreement: see PSI Agreement, notification (PSI 5), requirements

quantitative restrictions WTO 171

review of

guidelines for WTO 171

review body, establishment WTO 171

Rules of Origin: see Rules of Origin Agreement, notification in language other than WTO working language

Safeguards Agreement: see safeguard measures (SG/GATT XIX), notification and consultation (SG 12)

SPS Agreement: see SPS Agreement, transparency of SPS regulations (SPS 7 and Annex B)

State trading enterprises (GATT VII:4): see State trading enterprises (GATT XVII), notification requirements (GATT XVII:4/Understanding on the Interpretation of Art. VII)

Technical Cooperation Handbook on Notification Requirements, relevance SG 200

TRIMS Agreement: see TRIMS Agreement, notifications (TRIMS 5.1)

TRIPS Agreement TRIPS 25, 31, 133-4

Notification Obligations and Procedures, Working Group on

annual reports to Council for Trade in Goods WTO 170

appointment of officers WTO 169

completion of work WTO 170

establishment WTO 163, 169

recommendations, examination by Council for Trade in Goods WTO 171

terms of reference WTO 169

nullification or impairment (DSU 3.8)

adverse impact/prejudice, relevance AD 219-20, 260, DSU 79-82

direct or indirect benefits (DSU 3.3) DSU 522

GATS XXIII (dispute settlement and enforcement), distinguished GATS 84, DSU 83

inconsistency with covered agreement as prima facie evidence of, rebuttal SCM 174

lost opportunities, relevance DSU 522

presumption in case of inconsistency with covered agreement DSU 79-82, 522

SCM 3 and 4 (prohibited subsidies) distinguished SCM 174, DSU 541

SCM 5 (adverse effects) SCM 174, 178

SCM 7.9 and 10 (commensurate with degree and nature of adverse effects) distinguished SCM 178, 211

nullification or impairment (DSU 22.4): see suspension of concessions for non-implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings (DSU 22), level equivalent to nullification or impairment (DSU 22.4)

nullification or impairment (GATT XXIII)

see also non-violation claims (GATT XXIII:1(b))

measures in force, limitation to GATT 588

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