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Hong Kong, China - 2005

HONG KONG WTO MINISTERIAL 2005: BRIEFING NOTES

STATISTICS
Textiles and Clothing

After more than forty years of trade with import quotas, the textiles and clothing sector eventually be-came subject to the general rules of the WTO from January 1, 2005. Protection of the textile and clothing sector has a long history. In 1962, a Long-term Agreement regarding International Trade in Cotton Textiles (LTA) was signed under the auspices of GATT. The LTA was renegotiated several times until it was replaced by the Multi Fibre Agreement (MFA) which came into force in 1974. The MFA was negotiated four times and it finally expired in 1994. The expiration of the MFA did not, however, mean the end of the quotas. With the establishment of the WTO in 1995, the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) was negotiated as a transitory regime to the full integration of textiles and clothing into the multi-lateral trading system. Four countries had been restricting their imports of textiles and clothing (Canada, the EU, Norway and the United States). The integration took place in four steps over a ten year period, ending on 31 December 2004.

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> Director-General’s letter to journalists
> The Doha Development Agenda
> Agriculture
Cotton
> Services
> Market access, non-agricultural products
> Intellectual property (TRIPS)
> Trade facilitation
> Rules: ad, scm including fisheries subsidies
> Rules: regional agreements
> Dispute settlement
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> Trade, debt and finance
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> Least-developed countries
> Special and differential treatment
> Implementation issues
> Electronic commerce
> Members and accessions
> Members
> Bananas
> Statistics, Textiles and Clothing
> Statistics, Facts and Figures
> Jargon buster, Country groupings
> Jargon buster, An informal guide to ‘WTOspeak’


Since the beginning of 2005, imports from previously restricted suppliers increased sharply in the US and the EU. The import increases have been particularly strong from China which led to the imposition of new limitations on Chinese textiles and clothing exports to the United States and the EU. The legal basis for this new selective quantitative restrictions on Chinese exports are in the Report of the Working Party on the Accession of China which is annexed to China's Protocol of Accession to the WTO.

  

Leading exporters and importers of textiles, 2004   back to top

(Billion dollars and percentage)

 

 

 

Share in world 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Value

 

exports/imports

 

Annual percentage change

 

2004

 

1980

1990

2000

2004

 

2000-04

2002

2003

2004

Exporters

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    European Union (25)

71.29

 

-

-

36.5

36.6

 

6

3

14

10

        extra-EU (25)
        exports

24.31

 

-

-

11.2

12.5

 

9

5

15

15

    China   a, b

33.43

 

4.6

6.9

10.4

17.2

 

20

22

31

24

    Hong KongChina

14.30

 

-

-

-

-

 

2

2

5

9

        domestic exports

0.68

 

1.7

2.1

0.8

0.4

 

-13

-7

-23

-10

        re-exports

13.61

 

-

-

-

-

 

3

3

8

10

    United States

11.99

 

6.8

4.8

7.1

6.2

 

2

2

2

10

    Korea, Republic of

10.84

 

4.0

5.8

8.2

5.6

 

-4

0

-2

1

    Taipei, Chinese

10.04

 

3.2

5.9

7.7

5.2

 

-4

-4

-2

8

    Japan

7.14

 

9.3

5.6

4.5

3.7

 

0

-3

7

11

    India   c

6.85

 

2.4

2.1

3.9

4.0

 

6

12

14

...

    Turkey

6.43

 

0.6

1.4

2.4

3.3

 

15

8

24

22

    Pakistan

6.12

 

1.6

2.6

2.9

3.1

 

8

6

21

5

    Indonesia

3.15

 

0.1

1.2

2.3

1.6

 

-3

-10

1

8

    Thailand   d

2.63

 

0.6

0.9

1.3

1.3

 

8

1

14

21

    Canada

2.43

 

0.6

0.7

1.4

1.2

 

2

1

4

7

    Mexico   a, d

2.24

 

0.2

0.7

1.7

1.1

 

-3

6

-5

7

    Switzerland

1.60

 

2.8

2.5

1.0

0.8

 

2

-2

6

7

Above 15

176.85

 

-

-

92.1

91.3

 

-

-

-

-

Importers

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

    European Union (25)

67.97

 

-

-

33.8

33.0

 

5

2

14

9

        extra-EU (25)
        imports

20.99

 

-

-

9.9

10.2

 

7

0

15

14

    United States

20.66

 

4.5

6.2

9.8

10.0

 

7

10

8

13

    China   a, b

15.30

 

1.9

4.9

7.8

7.4

 

5

4

9

8

    Hong KongChina

14.11

 

-

-

-

-

 

1

-1

7

9

        retained imports

0.50

 

3.7

3.8

0.9

0.2

 

-23

-39

-4

-17

    Mexico   a, d, e

5.79

 

0.2

0.9

3.6

2.8

 

0

3

-2

6

    Japan

5.60

 

2.9

3.8

3.0

2.7

 

3

-5

11

11

    Turkey

4.17

 

0.1

0.5

1.3

2.0

 

18

48

21

21

    Canada   e

4.11

 

2.3

2.2

2.5

2.0

 

0

0

1

7

    Korea, Republic of

3.38

 

0.7

1.8

2.1

1.6

 

0

6

-3

8

    Viet Nam   d

3.35

 

...

...

0.8

1.6

 

25

60

35

20

    Romania

3.33

 

...

0.1

1.0

1.6

 

18

18

21

16

    United Arab Emirates   c

2.15

 

0.8

0.9

1.3

1.2

 

...

9

6

...

    Russian Federation   d

2.10

 

-

-

0.8

1.0

 

14

3

24

14

    Australia   e

1.83

 

2.0

1.3

1.0

0.9

 

3

13

13

10

    Thailand   d

1.81

 

0.3

0.8

1.0

0.9

 

3

3

3

11

Above 15

142.06

 

-

-

70.7

69.1

 

-

-

-

-

a   Includes significant shipments through processing zones.
b   In 2004, Chinareported imports of textiles from Chinaamounting to nearly $2 billion.
c   2003 instead of 2004.
d   Includes Secretariat estimates.
e   Imports are valued f.o.b.

Source: WTO, International Trade Statistics 2005

  

Textile exports of selected economies, 1990-04   back to top

(Million dollars and percentage)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Share in economy's total merchandise exports

 

Value

 

1990

 

2000

 

2002

 

2003

 

2004

 

2000

2004   a

World

104354

d

154571

 

154304

 

172470

 

194732

 

2.5

2.2

Argentina

158

 

257

 

190

 

154

 

198

 

1.0

0.6

Australia

152

 

347

 

283

 

309

 

328

 

0.6

0.3

Bangladesh

343

 

355

 

443

 

476

 

388

 

5.6

4.8

Belarus

-

 

410

 

381

 

449

 

514

 

5.6

3.7

Brazil

769

 

897

 

841

 

1106

 

1244

 

1.6

1.3

Bulgaria

 

 

119

 

180

 

243

 

310

 

2.5

3.1

Canada

687

 

2204

 

2181

 

2264

 

2431

 

0.8

0.8

Chile

33

 

114

 

83

 

87

 

109

 

0.6

0.3

China   b

7219

 

16135

 

20562

 

26900

 

33428

 

6.5

5.6

Colombia   c

133

 

268

 

205

 

228

 

240

 

2.1

1.5

Croatia

-

 

87

 

82

 

111

 

118

 

2.0

1.5

Egypt   c

554

 

323

 

251

 

278

 

298

 

6.9

3.9

El Salvador   b, c

38

 

79

 

70

 

72

 

77

 

2.7

2.3

European Union (25)

-

 

56456

 

57040

 

64907

 

71287

 

2.3

1.9

    intra-EU (25) exports

-

 

39184

 

38557

 

43720

 

46980

 

2.4

1.9

    extra-EU (25) exports

-

 

17272

 

18483

 

21187

 

24307

 

2.2

2.0

FYR Macedonia

...

 

37

 

36

 

42

 

53

 

2.8

3.2

Hong Kong, China

8213

 

13441

 

12422

 

13087

 

14296

 

6.6

5.4

    domestic exports

2171

 

1176

 

980

 

757

 

684

 

5.0

3.4

    re-exports

6042

 

12265

 

11441

 

12330

 

13612

 

6.8

5.5

India 

2180

 

5998

 

6028

 

6846

 

...

 

13.3

10.9

Indonesia

1241

 

3505

 

2896

 

2923

 

3152

 

5.4

4.4

Iran, Islamic Rep. of

510

 

766

 

726

 

800

 

...

 

2.7

2.4

Israel

270

 

490

 

538

 

606

 

683

 

1.6

1.8

Japan

5871

 

7023

 

6030

 

6431

 

7138

 

1.5

1.3

Korea, Republic of

6076

 

12710

 

10945

 

10779

 

10839

 

7.4

4.3

Macao, China

136

 

272

 

326

 

303

 

313

 

10.7

11.1

Malaysia   b

343

 

1270

 

994

 

1017

 

1227

 

1.3

1.0

Mauritius

36

 

81

 

68

 

77

 

83

 

5.2

4.2

Mexico   b, c

713

 

2571

 

2210

 

2096

 

2237

 

1.5

1.2

Morocco   b

203

d

123

 

139

 

129

 

147

 

1.7

1.5

Nepal

82

 

182

 

...

 

107

 

...

 

22.7

16.2

New Zealand

135

 

142

 

169

 

222

 

252

 

1.1

1.2

Pakistan

2663

 

4532