The texts reproduced here do not have the legal standing of the original documents which are entrusted and kept at the WTO Secretariat in Geneva.

pacta sunt servanda: see good faith (including pacta sunt servanda principle (VC 26))
 

panel procedures (DSU 12): see Working Procedures (panel) (DSU 12.1 and Appendix 3)
 

panel reports: see also appellate review (DSU 17), AB reports

adoption by DSB (DSU 16.4): see also implementation of recommendations and rulings of the DSB (DSU 21.3)

as critical date for determining prompt compliance (DSU 21.3(c)) ARB. 5.2.1-2

as final resolution of dispute R.4.3.4, S.8.1

unappealed panel finding and R.4.3.4-6

findings unchallenged by parties and S.2.19A.2

legal status

adopted reports S.8.1-2

unadopted reports S.8.1-2

multiple complainants (DSU 9), separate panel reports, right to (DSU 9.2) P.1.3

prompt settlement (DSU 3.3) and P.1.3.1

rationale, need for (DSU 12.7) G.1.1.5-7, M.2.2.4, P.1.1, S.2.19B.5.6, S.7.3.22

certainty and predictability of WTO obligations, aid to P.1.1.4

direct quotation from previous report, desirability P.1.1.5

due process/transparency/fairness and P.1.1.4-5

sufficiency P.1.1.4

reference to previous panel report (DSU 21.5) P.1.1.4
 

Paris Convention (1967) (PC): see trade names, protection, Paris Convention (1967) (PC), PC 8; trademarks (Paris Convention (1967)) (PC)
 

pass-through of indirect subsidies: see subsidy, definition (SCM 1), pass-through of indirect input subsidy to countervailed product, need for (SCM 1.1/GATT VI:3)
 

patents: see TRIPS, patents, term of protection (TRIPS 33)
 

payments on export of agricultural product financed by virtue of governmental action (AG 9.1(c)) A.1.17, A.1.24: see also cost of production (AG), measurement; export subsidy, definition, “contingent upon export performance” (AG 1(e)/SCM 3.1(a)); export subsidy, definition, “direct subsidies, including payments-in-kind” (AG 9.1(a))

actual average cost including fixed and variable costs A.1.20.9, A.1.20.12-13

benchmark/standard (AG 9.1(c))

absence of express provision, relevance A.1.18.3, A.1.18.4

domestic market (AG 9.1(b) and (e)) A.1.18.3

domestic price fixed by government A.1.18.5, A.1.20.4

factual and regulatory setting, relevance A.1.18.4, A.1.24.2

independent enquiry into existence of benefit, relevance A.1.3.4

industry-wide cost of production A.1.21

market rate, relevance A.1.18.5

objective standard, need for A.1.18.2

world market price A.1.19

burden of proof (AG 10.3): see burden of proof, reversal in respect of circumvention of export subsidy commitments (AG 10.3)

“by virtue of” A.1.24.1, A.1.26

government control, relevance A.1.26.5, A.1.26.10

governmental action as a whole A.1.26.1-2

motive of government, relevance A.1.28.1

nexus, need for A.1.26.3-4, A.1.26.9, A.1.27.2, A.1.27.4

regulatory framework, relevance A.1.18.4, A.1.26.2, A.1.26.8, A.1.26.10, A.1.27.2

cost of production, failure to recoup as A.1.20, A.1.36.1: see also cost of production (AG), measurement

SCM Illustrative List of Export Subsidies, items (j) and (k) and A.1.20.7, S.2.39, S.2.40

cross-subsidization and A.1.20.13, A.1.28

“financed” A.1.24.1, A.1.27

disproportionate attribution of fixed costs to more remunerative market and A.1.27.4-5

“whether or not a charge on the public account” A.1.27.1, A.1.27.4, A.1.27.7

“financed” / “a charge”, relevance A.1.17

“financing” as mechanism or process A.1.27.4

foregone income as A.1.18.1

government mandate or direction, relevance A.1.25.3, A.1.27.3, S.2.8.1

AG 9.1(e), SCM 1.1 and SCM Illustrative List of Export Subsidies distinguished A.1.25.3 n. 113, S.2.8.1

“governmental action” A.1.24, A.1.25.2

act or omission as A.1.25.2

determination on case-by-case basis A.1.26.11

single or series of acts/omissions A.1.25.2

monetary payment, whether limited to: see “payments” below

“on the export” A.1.28.3

“payments”

transfer of economic resources, need for A.1.17.3

distinct entities, relevance A.1.17.3, A.1.28.2

payments by private parties as A.1.24.2, A.1.25, A.1.26.9, A.1.27.7

Member State responsibility and A.1.25.1

rationale A.1.20.7, S.2.39.1
 

precautionary principle P.3.5

customary international environmental law, as principle of S.6.23.1

customary international law, whether P.3.5.1, S.6.23.1

SPS and

consistency of measures with SPS Agreement, need for S.6.23.1

measures which result in a higher level of protection than international standards (SPS 3.3) P.3.5.1

provisional adoption of measures in case of insufficiency of scientific evidence (SPS 5.7) P.3.5.1, S.6.23

SPS preamble P.3.5.1
 

precedent: see also interpretation of covered agreements, guidelines, legitimate expectations, relevance

AB reports S.8.2-4

decisions, procedures and customary practices under GATT 1947 (WTO XVI:1) J.2.1.9, L.1.1, M.1.1-2, S.8.1, W.4.2

panel reports

adopted reports S.8.1-2

“subsequent practice”, whether I.3.9.2, S.8.1
 

prima facie case: see burden of proof, prima facie case
 

principles of international law: see competence of panels and AB (DSU 3.2), right to develop own legal reasoning including arguments not adduced by parties (jura novit curia); expropriation, non-recognition; good faith (including pacta sunt servanda principle (VC 26)); non-retroactivity of treaties (VC 28); precautionary principle; proportionality
 

private counsel, participation in DSU proceedings P.4
 

privatization

conferral of benefit (SCM 1.1(b)) and S.2.9.5, S.2.9.9, S.2.31.6-7

continuing need for countervailing duties and S.2.31.6-7
 

procedural objections: see competence (panels), objections, requirements; Working Procedures (panel) (DSU 12.1 and Appendix 3), objections, requirements
 

procedure: see also Working Procedures (appellate review); Working Procedures (panel) (DSU 12.1 and Appendix 3)

fair, prompt and effective resolution of disputes and D.2.2.8, O.1.3-6, W.2.1.1-2

good faith and P.3.1.2-4
 

prohibited subsidies: see export subsidy, prohibition (AG 3.3); subsidies, prohibited (SCM, Part II)
 

prompt compliance: see implementation of recommendations and rulings of the DSB (DSU 21.3), prompt compliance (DSU 21.1)
 

prompt and satisfactory resolution of disputes, Members’ right to (DSU 3)

impairment of benefits by measures taken by another Member (DSU 3.3) S.3.4.4

attributability of measure to responding Member, need for C.7.19, G.1.1.8, T.6.3.11

measure as source of alleged impairment, need for C.7.19, G.1.1.8, R.2.3.15, T.6.3.11

procedure, role D.2.2.8, O.1.3-6, W.2.1.1-2

recommendations and rulings of DSB (DSU 3.4) S.3.4.1, S.3.4.4-7

refusal of party to provide information, effect I.1

review of implementation of DSB rulings and R.4.3.1-2

separate panel reports in case of multiple complainants (DSU 9.2) and P.1.3.1
 

proportionality

countermeasures/suspension of concessions (DSU 22.4) and P.3.6.1-3, S.9.2

as customary international law P.3.6.3

safeguard measures (ATC 6.4) and P.3.6.1

safeguard measures (SG 5.1) (“to the extent necessary”) and S.1.34

State responsibility for breach of international obligation and P.3.6.1, S.9.2
 

public notice and explanation of determinations on countervailing duties (SCM 22) S.2.34.1
 

publication and administration of trade regulations (GATT X)

laws, regulations, judicial decisions and administrative rulings

of general application (GATT X:1) P.5.1

uniform, impartial and reasonable administration (GATT X:3) P.5.3, T.2.4

measures of general application (GATT X:2) P.5.2
 

publication of analysis of case under investigation (SG 4(2)(c)) C.2.4, S.1.33

justification of application of safeguard measures (SG 5.1) and S.1.35.1, S.1.36.1
 

publication of measures such as laws, decrees or ordinances (SPS Agreement, Transparency of SPS Regulations (Annex B) (para. 1, Footnote 5)) P.5.4, S.6.24

Abbreviations used on this page