RECHERCHE ET ANALYSE: DOCUMENTS DE TRAVAIL
A Global Framework for Climate Mitigation Policies
A Technical Contribution to the Discussion on Carbon Pricing and Equivalent Policies in Open Economies
We explore a global carbon pricing framework to inform the potential coordination of carbon pricing and equivalent policies. The framework has three main features aligning with the current multilateral system for climate action. First, the carbon price is determined by a global average carbon price to achieve emission reductions required to remain on a 1.5-2 degrees Celsius global warming trajectory.
The framework further incorporates a set of economy-level criteria determining variation in carbon prices between economies: historical emissions, the current level of economic development, and the economic costs of climate change. Second, a moderate share of carbon pricing revenues is allocated to support lower-income economies, economies with higher costs of climate change and economies with higher economic costs of carbon pricing. Third, the framework allows economies to achieve equivalent carbon emission reductions through the implementation of alternative policy instruments. Simulations with the Global Trade Model show that, under the framework, the projected economic costs of carbon pricing are in proportion to the economy-level criteria, implying higher costs for economies with higher historical emissions, a higher level of development and lower projected costs of climate change. The projected reduction in output and exports in emission-intensive trade-exposed sectors (EITEs) displays only a weak negative correlation with the carbon price level. The framework is not meant as a policy proposal but as a contribution to the discussion on coordination of carbon pricing policies. Such coordination can help to inform the discussion about policy options to prevent fragmentation of carbon pricing and other climate change mitigation policies. Such fragmentation is costly and could lead to the introduction of complementary policies which could come with trade frictions.
Staff Working Paper: Research ERSD-2024-03
Auteurs: Eddy Bekkers, Ayse Nihal Yilmaz, Marc Bacchetta, Mateo Ferrero, Kirti Jhunjhunwala, Jeanne Métivier, Bright Okogu, Daniel Ramos, Enxhi Tresa, and Ankai Xu
Date de rédaction: 26 mars 2024
Key Words:
Carbon pricing, Climate change mitigation, CGE Models
JEL classification numbers:
C68, F18, Q54
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Ce document est un document de travail et concerne donc des recherches en cours. Les opinions qui y sont exprimées sont celles de ses auteurs. Elles ne sont pas censées représenter la position ou les opinions de l’OMC ou de ses Membres et sont sans préjudice des droits et obligations des Membres dans le cadre de l'Organisation. Les auteurs sont seuls responsables en cas d’erreur.
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