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WTO ANALYTICAL INDEX: AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE

Agreement on Agriculture

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The texts reproduced here do not have the legal standing of the original documents which are entrusted and kept at the WTO Secretariat in Geneva.

> Preamble
> Article 1
> Article 2
> Article 3
> Article 4
> Article 5
> Article 6
> Article 7
> Article 8
> Article 9
> Article 10
> Article 11
> Article 12
> Article 13
> Article 14
> Article 15
> Article 16
> Article 17
> Article 18
> Article 19
> Article 20
> Article 21
> Annex 1
> Annex 2
> Annex 3
> Annex 4
> Annex 5
> Relationship with other WTO Agreements
> Decision on Measures Concerning the Possible Negative Effects of the Reform Programme on Least-Developed and Net Food-Importing Developing Countries (The “NFIDC Decision”)
 

> Analytical Index main page


Table of contents    back to top

I. Preamble    back to top

A. Text of the Preamble
B. Interpretation and Application of the Preamble

1. “objectives of the negotiations as set out in the Punta del Este Declaration”
2. Long-term objective of the reform process and the Mid-Term Review

 
II. Article 1    back to top

A. Text of Article 1
B. Interpretation and Application of Article 1

1. Paragraph (a)(ii)

2. Paragraph (e)

(a) Definition of the term “export subsidy”
(b) “contingent upon export performance”

3. Paragraph (h)

 
III. Article 2    back to top

A. Text of Article 2
B. Interpretation and Application of Article 2

 
IV. Article 3    back to top

A. Text of Article 3
B. Interpretation and Application of Article 3

1. Paragraph 2

2. Paragraph 3

 
V. Article 4    back to top

A. Text of Article 4
B. Interpretation and Application of Article 4

1. General

(a) Purpose of Article 4

(b) Notification requirements

2. Paragraph 1

3. Paragraph 2

(a) “any measures which have been required to be converted into ordinary customs duties”

(i) Interpretation

(ii) “converted”

(iii) “ordinary customs duties”

(iv) Timing of the obligation

(b) Relation with Article XI of GATT and its Ad Note

(c) Special treatment

4. Footnote 1

(a) “variable import levies”

(b) “minimum import prices”

(c) “similar border measures”

(i) Concept of similarity

(ii) Relevance of tariff caps in the similarity analysis

(iii) Common features of border measures

(d) Relation with Article 4.2

C. Relationship with other Agreements

1. GATT 1994

 
VI. Article 5    back to top

A. Text of Article 5
B. Interpretation and Application of Article 5

1. Paragraph 1(b)

2. Paragraph 5

3. Paragraph 7

(a) Notification requirements

 
VII. Article 6    back to top

A. Text of Article 6
B. Interpretation and Application of Article 6

1. Notification requirements

 
VIII. Article 7    back to top

A. Text of Article 7
B. Interpretation and Application of Article 7

2. Relationship with Annex 2

 
IX. Article 8    back to top

A. Text of Article 8
B. Interpretation and Application of Article 8

1. General

2. Waivers from export subsidy commitments

 
X. Article 9    back to top

A. Text of Article 9
B. Interpretation and Application of Article 9

1. General

(a) Notification requirements

2. Paragraph 1(a)

(a) “direct subsidies, including payments-in-kind”

(b) “governments or their agencies”

3. Paragraph 1(c)

(a) “payments”

(i) A payment includes a payment-in-kind

(ii) Benchmark to be applied when assessing payments

(b) “financed by virtue of governmental action”

(i) Meaning of Governmental action

(ii) Meaning of “financed”

(iii) Link between governmental action and the financing of payments

4. Paragraph 1(d)

(a) “costs of marketing”

 
XI. Article 10    back to top

A. Text of Article 10
B. Interpretation and Application of Article 10

1. Paragraph 1

(a) Export subsidy commitments

(b) “applied in a manner which results in, or which threatens to lead to circumvention”

2. Paragraph 2

3. Paragraph 3

(a) Export credits, export credit guarantees and insurance programmes

(b) Burden of proof

4. Paragraph 4

 
XII. Article 11    back to top

A. Text of Article 11
B. Interpretation and Application of Article 11

 
XIII. Article 12    back to top

A. Text of Article 12
B. Interpretation and Application of Article 12

1. Notification requirements

 
XIV. Article 13    back to top

A. Text of Article 13
B. Interpretation and Application of Article 13

 
XV. Article 14    back to top

A. Text of Article 14
B. Interpretation and Application of Article 14

 
XVI. Article 15    back to top

A. Text of Article 15
B. Interpretation and Application of Article 15

 
XVII. Article 16    back to top

A. Text of Article 16
B. Interpretation and Application of Article 16

1. Paragraph 1

(a) The Singapore Ministerial Conference
(b) List of least-developed and net food-importing developing countries
(c) Differential Treatment within the Framework of an Agreement on Agricultural Export Credits

2. Paragraph 2

(a) Notification requirements
(b) Opportunities for consultation
(c) Effectiveness

 
XVIII. Article 17    back to top

A. Text of Article 17
B. Interpretation and Application of Article 17

1. Committee on Agriculture

(a) Terms of reference

(b) Rules of procedure

(c) Activities

 
XIX. Article 18    back to top

A. Text of Article 18
B. Interpretation and Application of Article 18

1. Paragraph 2

(a) Review procedure

(b) Notification requirements

(i) General

(ii) Developing countries

2. Paragraph 5

(a) Annual consultations

3. Paragraph 6

4. Paragraph 7

(a) Counter notifications

 
XX. Article 19    back to top

A. Text of Article 19
B. Interpretation and Application of Article 19

 
XXI. Article 20    back to top

A. Text of Article 20
B. Interpretation and Application of Article 20

1. Decision of the Singapore Ministerial Conference

2. Decision to launch negotiations on agriculture

 
XXII. Article 21    back to top

A. Text of Article 21
B. Interpretation and Application of Article 21

 
XXIII. Annex 1    back to top

A. Text of Annex 1
B. Interpretation and Application of Annex 1

 
XXIV. Annex 2    back to top

A. Text of Annex 2
B. Interpretation and Application of Annex 2

 
XXV. Annex 3    back to top

A. Text of Annex 3
B. Interpretation and Application of Annex 3

 
XXVI. Annex 4    back to top

A. Text of Annex 4
B. Interpretation and Application of Annex 4

 
XXVII. Annex 5    back to top

A. Text of Annex 5
B. Interpretation and Application of Annex 5

 
XXVIII. Relationship with other WTO Agreements    back to top

A. SCM Agreement

 
XXIX. Decision on Measures Concerning the Possible Negative Effects of the Reform Programme on Least-Developed and Net Food-Importing Developing Countries (The “NFIDC Decision”)    back to top

A. Text of the Decision
B. Interpretation and Application of the Decision

1. Paragraph 3

(a) Paragraphs 3(i) and (ii)

(b) Paragraph 3(iii)

2. Paragraph 4

3. Paragraph 5

(a) The Inter-Agency Panel

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