AGREEMENT ON GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT (GPA)
Celebrating 25 years of the WTO GPA
and 40 years since the GATT GPA
In 2021, the WTO celebrates the 25th anniversary of the WTO's plurilateral Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA), which entered into force in 1996, and the 40th anniversary of the first-ever version of the GPA, which entered into force in 1981, during the GATT days. To mark this dual anniversary, the WTO Secretariat has created this dedicated webpage.
Evolution of the GPA
1976
Start of negotiations on government procurement during the GATT Tokyo Round.
1979
The GATT Tokyo Round Agreement on Government Procurement is adopted (Tokyo Round Code, GPA 1979).
1981
The GPA 1979 enters into force.
Parties at the time of entry into force (10): Canada; the European Economic Community (nine member states; Belgium; Denmark; France; the Federal Republic of Germany; Ireland; Italy; Luxembourg; the Netherlands; and the United Kingdom); Finland; Japan; Norway; Singapore; Sweden; Switzerland; the United Kingdom (in respect of certain territories for which it had international responsibility); and the United States.
1986
Protocol amending the GPA 1979 is adopted (GPA 1986).
1988
The GPA 1986 enters into force.
Parties at the time of entry into force (12): Austria; Canada; the European Economic Community (ten member states: Belgium; Denmark; France; the Federal Republic of Germany; Greece; Ireland; Italy; Luxembourg; the Netherlands; and the United Kingdom); Finland; Israel; Japan; Norway; Singapore; Sweden; Switzerland; the United Kingdom (in respect of Hong Kong); and the United States.
1994
The WTO Agreement on Government Procurement is adopted (GPA 1994).
1996
The GPA 1994 enters into force.
Parties at the time of entry into force (eight): Canada; the European Communities (15 member states: Austria; Belgium; Denmark; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Ireland; Italy; Luxembourg; the Netherlands; Portugal; Spain; Sweden; and the United Kingdom); Israel; Japan; Norway; Singapore; Switzerland; and the United States.
1997
The coexistence of the GPA 1986 and the GPA 1994 ends.
2012
The Protocol amending the GPA 1994 is adopted (GPA 2012).
2014
The GPA 2012 enters into force.
Parties at the time of entry into force (10): Canada; the European Union (28 member states: Austria; Belgium; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Ireland; Italy; Latvia; Lithuania; Luxembourg; Malta; the Netherlands; Poland; Portugal; Romania; Slovak Republic; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden; and the United Kingdom); Hong Kong, China; Iceland; Israel; Liechtenstein; Norway; Singapore; Chinese Taipei; and the United States.
2021
The GPA 2012 replaces the GPA 1994; the co-existence of the GPA 1994 and the GPA 2012 ends.
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